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Submitted by Terence Blackett
The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color lineW.E.B. DuBois

Today the Black man still bears the Cross of Jesus Christ as Simon of Cyrene did on that most fateful day in earth’s history. As those Caucasoid Roman soldiers whipped, beat, insulted and spat upon my Lord and as those who called themselves Abraham’s children (Jews) and are not (crying vociferously, “let his blood be upon us and our children”) – but are of the Synagogue of SATAN* heckled, cajoled, laughed, maligned, jeered and scoffed as Jesus wobbled, stumbled and fell under the weight of the cross. Simon (the 13th Disciple) bore His burden up the hill.

And so upon the back of the Black man fell that cross of shame – a symbolic, archetypal reminder to Black folks everywhere throughout the ages that upon their shoulders rest the long arduous process of salvation for humanity. What Simon of Cyrene accomplished in the flesh for our beloved Lord and Saviour – we as the progenitors of that fulfilment would have to carry for mankind right down until the end of time.

Yet many still ask, but are not Black folks “the least in their Father’s house”?

What constitutes greatness can largely be a matter of opinion. Jesus reminds us that the least is oftentimes the greatest amongst us and MUST* be a “servant” to all – and the “first” will be the “last” and the “last” will be the “first”.

Do we consider a man’s greatness in part due to the degree to which his life and actions affect humanity for generations?

Had Napoleon been forced to stay on the island of Corsica – would the seeds of his destiny as Emperor become historical evident or would he not have become one of those flowers born to bloom” remaining unseen and waste in the sweetness of the desert air?

As the subject of this discourse implies, many have bought into the “lies” of history regarding the greatest group of people God created on planet earth. Though disobedient on every level (and now “last”) – they have remained unparalleled as a force of nature especially when history is given the true resonance it deserves. Blacks began civilization and they will end it!

Post-deluvian history in Genesis 10:6–20 paints an account of the dispersal of the nations within the Mesopotamian Valley of IRAQ*. This geographical area known as the cradle of civilization from which emerged the world’s first known Black King (NIMROD) – the most powerful Black man that ever lived (after the Flood), who according to Scripture was “a mighty hunter before God” and someone who ruled from the stratospheric heights of the Tower of Babel. Historical accounts presuppose that no physical human structure like it exist today on the earth. Even with the Burj Khalifa which stands at [2,716.5FT] in downtown Dubai – it remains as an insignificant structure compared to the Tower of Babel.

In Genesis 11:6, God saw that the intent of the people’s heart was based on such solid “UNITY” that they would have literally built a stairway into the heavens. The story of Babel is truly profound because the Black man still struggles unlike any other race with this issue of “unity”. We all seem to speak a different language – often from a position of defence. Our focus is too tribal; too linguistic; too individualistic. Our focus like the kingdom of Nimrod is on building material edifices without any real tailored, spiritual accountability. As the Bible remind us – “Unless the LORD GOD* builds the house, its builders labor in vain. Unless the LORD GOD* watch the city in the night, in vain do the watchmen keep vigil.”

The post-exodus of mankind from the kingdom of Nimrod, resulting in Ham taking his son Mizraim and went off to Africa. Mizraim whose name is Egypt became the land from which Jacob’s family of [70] plus Joseph who was already Prince of Egypt, his wife Asenath, (the daughter of an African priest) and their [2] sons would call home for the next 430 years. Of the [70] who entered Egypt (this powerful Black nation) according to Scripture only (4) of them were female, (Asher’s granddaughter, Jacob’s daughter Dinah who had been raped, Leah & Zilpah).

For all the religious BIGOTS* who do not possess a shred of intellectual, far less spiritual honesty, it would be nigh impossible for them to acknowledge that the JEWISH* people began as a “RACE” of people (WHO DUE TO INTERMARRIAGE) were Black or for ethnological correctness – biracial where [66] men and [4] Israelite females were meant to keep the bloodline Semitic.

By the time God had decided to deliver the Israelites out of African bondage – a new despotic Pharaoh had emerged to wage ethnic genocide because of the population statistics in Goshen, Egypt. A new “hybrid” specie of Black folks had morphed into the landscape threatening to become a majority.

On the scene of action was another prince of Egypt (a Hebrew), Moses who had grown up in Pharaoh’s house. He was to be the deliverer of this people after spending some [40] years in Jethro’s house (a Black Midianite high priest) who knew of the true worship of YAHWEH long before even the children of Israel had been given a single commandment from God.

Scripture reminds us also that Moses’ Black Ethiopian wife Zipporah was at the center of ethnic, racial strife between Moses’ sister Miriam and others (due in no part to jealousy and stupidity) and would have suffered the retributive justice of a NO-NONSENSE God had Moses not arbitrarily intervened.

Right through the historical document of Old Testament Scripture, is peppered and laced with references, scenes, acts, stories and prominent roles by powerful Black men and women who altered the course of human history and destiny. This discourse is limited in its citations of what can be accredited to God’s original people but the proof is in the pudding. Taste and see that the Lord is good!

As a result of the flawed thinking and the misconceptualization of Scripture – we sadly arrived at medieval pre-Renaissance history – where the pendulum of time has swung decisively and indiscriminately towards those who would rule the world based on Daniel Chapter 3.

By the time Greece and Rome arrived on the world scene, Caucasoid people were in the ascendancy and set out to concoct a damnable lie* of historic proportions. This damnable heresy is then used as fuel and fodder for the next millennium to brainwash and indoctrinate the world into believing that the Black man had no major place, part or role in the Biblical historical narrative (and if so, to a diminished extent) but most importantly, that the descendants of Ham were a “cursed people” – a ploy to upstage and steal the most important vestiges of Black history.

Caucasian ministers, anthropologists, social historians, eugenicists and others throughout the Reformation period of the 16th century taught that the Black man was cursed based on the pronouncement in Genesis 9:24-25.

The Church spearheading this diabolical lie, gave sanction to the capitalists “rift-raft”, dodgy speculators and amoral profiteers to embark on a 400 year-old quest to squeeze every last drop of blood out of the soul of the Black man because as Scripture had said – “a slave shall he be to others”.

The conundrum of Scripture however for many so-called intellectual Biblical scholars is that Ham was not cursed (the “one” who saw his father’s nakedness) but Noah’s grandson Canaan – and many still ask why? Those who think they are so enlightened can provide a meaningful answer as to why this occurred.

Today, the modern Judeo-Christian construct is actually a matrix of disavowal of basic historical factors, [premises] and conclusions. According to Dr. Walter Arthur McCray in his book – “The Black Presence in the Bible: Discovering THE BLACK and African Identity of Biblical persons and nations, he argues that “one of the more enlightening aspects of the study of the Black presence in the Bible has to do with the ethnological make-up of the Old Covenant community. Here we are speaking of the Blackness, whether implicit or explicit, of the Hebrew-Israelite-Judahite-Jewish people spanning the centuries from Abraham, the father of the Hebrew people with whom God entered into Covenant, down to Jesus Christ Himself, the Promised Messiah of God.” (p.122)

McCray further opines that “it is indeed possible for us to demonstrate [1] the Blackness of the Covenant-Messianic community; [2] the Blackness of the Messianic genealogical line; and [3] the Blackness of the Messiah Himself, Christ Jesus The Lord.” (Ibid)

The problem is – unravelling centuries of false indoctrination, brain (white) washing, lies and misinformation will be a mammoth task given the entrenched nature of our belief system but work we must to destroy the last barriers of resistance.

In conclusion, the New Testament like the OT is also peppered with historical accounts of Black privilege, involvement and control. Dr. John S. Mbiti, in his book “African Religions and Philosophy” argues that “the conversion of the Ethiopian eunuch (Black Queen Candace’s Treasurer) described in the Acts of the Apostles predates Paul’s 1st missionary journey into Europe by several years. There is clear, historical documentation of the BLACK church in Africa by the 3rd century. Christianity was the dominant religion in North Africa and most notably Egypt. Egyptian and North African scholars such as Clement, Origen, Tertullian, and Athanasius are widely recognized as fathers of the church. One of the most undeniable instances was Lucius of Cyrene who with his comrade in Antioch, Simeon, who was called Niger – Niger simply means “Black.”

He contends that “by the year 300, Egypt had more than a million Christians. In the 6th century, Christianity spread to the Nubian Kingdoms, soon becoming the dominant religion. The Christian Nubian Kingdoms survived for 700 years, resisting attempted domination by Muslim conquerors for 600 of those years. The Egyptian Coptic Church in the Sudan and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church still exist today. Though persecuted, their presence is testimony to the historicity of Christianity in Africa.”


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372 responses to “The Judeo-Christian Matrix: “Simon of Cyrene” and the “Cross of Humanity’s Shame” – The “White Religious Lie” Which Sought To Undermine the Pivotal Role of the Black Man in Biblical Literature”


  1. @GP”When we study the Bible we must put the emphasis where God puts it.”

    Or where the ones who wrote the bible put the emphasis.


  2. Kiki,

    If the end is nigh, why do paperwork. In fact, all material things are, eventually irrelevant anyway (including our bodies that house our soul).

    So, if the end is nigh, lets just PARTY!


  3. “Politics is a Big Fat Ego Thing”
    “It’s the Art of Words that mean nothing”

    Invoking the Power of the 6☮’s.
    The spiritual laws influence all mankind, regardless of faith, race or gender.

    ☮Jimi Hendrix Interview ☮ Wind Cries Mary ☮ Red House ☮

    Category:

    Music
    Tags:

    * Jimi Hendrix
    * Rock
    * Blues
    * Peace ☮

  4. Bridgetown vagrant Avatar
    Bridgetown vagrant

    GP, Zoe, de Hood, Hants, Technician

    wunnuh ain’t fraid dat people associate wunnuh wid dis racist ignorance? Doan mind me I is only a vagrant, I doan matter!

    I en include you Kiki. I know you wannah be Black real bad.


  5. @Terry-ist
    I know wha u mean (skim read)
    it tun dread inna babywrong
    @ Bridgetown / white and black ghetto/ vagrant
    that’s deep bitch!
    270. Brent Dowe-Down Here In Babylon – Reggae Roots Revival

    The Lee Perry experience continues with Brent Dowe on a wicked rockers style riddim, everything about this recording screams greatness. enjoy


  6. Crusoe | September 30, 2010 at 4:21 AM | @GP”When we study the Bible we must put the emphasis where God puts it.”

    Or where the ones who wrote the bible put the emphasis.
    ==============================
    Same thing Sir if you understand the two proof texts for the plenary verbal inspiration of the Bible in its original languages.

    These verses are 2 Timothy 3:16 which asserts in the greek that ALL scriptures is GOD BREATHED! and 2 Peter 1:21 which indicates that the writers wrote under the direction of the Holy Spirit. They moved like a ship with the wind in its sails. They certainly did not write what they chose to write but rather as amaneuses. Here are the verses

    2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: 17. That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.
    2 Peter 1:21For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.


  7. Bridgetown vagrant | September 30, 2010 at 10:53 AM |
    GP, Zoe, de Hood, Hants, Technician
    wunnuh ain’t fraid dat people associate wunnuh wid dis racist ignorance?

    No Sir. WE know that we are black and we don’t need to be reminded of it nor be associated with what you call racist ignorance.

    But when Satan uses one of his followers to attempt to intertwine racism or black studies with sound and basic interpretation and exegesis of God’s Word we need to ontervene and set the record straight
    e.g the NT does not ever mention a 13th apostle or that he was a black man or that Simon of Cyrene was the third apostle.


  8. NOD YOU HEAD MY JEWISH NEGROID HEBREW BRETHREN..SHALOM O GREAT EMPEROR OF THE DEAD SEE SCROLES….


  9. @ Bridgetown Vagrant….

    Bridgetown vagrant | September 30, 2010 at 10:53 AM |
    GP, Zoe, de Hood, Hants, Technician
    wunnuh ain’t fraid dat people associate wunnuh wid dis racist ignorance?

    I am a black man and proud. I dont walk around with the slavery chip on my shoulder either.
    one thing I always realise is that if I had to get a gun and shoot all the people who have wronged me in my life so far…….they would all be black…go figure..lol.
    In my life and travels , i have had to interact with all kinds of people, sad to say, blacks treat blacks the worse, at least the white man lets you know what time it is from the get go. They say knowing is 95% of solving the problem…lol.


  10. Techie
    I have to concur


  11. @Techie

    Perhaps unintentionally you are trivializing the issue by using individual experiences. It is the dismantling of entrenched power structures which are at play.


  12. David | September 30, 2010 at 2:06 PM |
    @Techie
    Perhaps unintentionally you are trivializing the issue by using individual experiences. It is the dismantling of entrenched power structures which are at play.
    ====================================================================
    Certainly the composite or total scope of the individual experiences of many blacks being mal treated contributes to the entrenched power structures which are at play.

    I do not believe that whites can control blacks ad infinitum without the help of blacks. White men certainly did not capture the blacks that were sold as slaves BLACK MEN DID!

    Since all the black historians harp on the fact that the Egyptian empire was founded and controlled by blacks, and since Egypt was the major site for international trade at its zenith., how did the white man topple this bastion of black power?

    How will contemporary entrenched power structures be dismantled? Not by the composite of individual experiences ? Will a few blacks who get power achieve the dismantling? We know not. History is replete with tales of black men selling out each other.

    A black man is currently the “most powerful person” (really puppet) in the world are black Americans now better off or worse off?

    BTW Is it not true that the science of dividing and ruling blacks by differences in the colour of their black skins not developed in BARBADOS and exported to the USA. Note that the papers descrining this methodology are on display in libraries in Virginia.

    Who empowers the black folk that run our country? The black majority? The white minority? How does this happen? Why does this happen? How can it be stopped? Or reversed?


  13. Another Lee Scratch Perry(*) Production Something
    ☓ Green Bay Incident ☓ Long Long Time ☓


  14. Would you guys believe that Black schools discriminate against black students and black teachers. Read this in an article on Chronicle of Higher Education recently.

    I have certainly not got any preferential treatment seeking employment at Black Colleges.


  15. David | September 30, 2010 at 2:06 PM |

    @Techie

    Perhaps unintentionally you are trivializing the issue by using individual experiences. It is the dismantling of entrenched power structures which are at play.

    Ok David, had to let that one ferment for a while…lol

    I am not one for all the big words, after all I only went Foundation, SJPP and BCC.
    Tell me, isn’t it the collective individual experiences, a necessity in the fight to dismantle the entrenched power structures?
    You mean all this time, we were not using this main weapon?
    Look at all the other threads where all and sundry vented about the white man this and the white man that but still shop, eat, play and dance to the whits man’s tune.
    I say to you, that it is this same collective individual experiences which can, if dealt with in the right way, dismantle the entrenched power structures that you talk of.
    Do we have the collective will, is another story.


  16. DAVID @ BU
    Protagonist Bill O’Reilly on FOX News uses the statement FAIR & BALANCED – Well here goes my friend!!!


  17. For all those who want to keep slinging MUD* about my racists lenience – here you go… Fair & Balanced!!!


  18. Here are some poignant questions being asked about the said BIBLE* we all read – how do we respond to these ???

  19. Bridgetown vagrant Avatar
    Bridgetown vagrant

    GP

    don’t repeat that Lynch myth (shite) about Blacks being divided according to colour etc. That is an urban myth started by Black American in the 1990’s. Do some research nuh. Now I is only a vagrant (and Black too, so Kiki, I ain’t got to play every dub and reggae tune to be Black). Nuh white person ever do me anything cause I ain’t know none but all de people dat gid me some help and kindness did Black people. I too like Black people. Dem is the bestest people in de world at least fuh me. I can’t see how repeating a bunch fanciful shite gwine help any a we but anyway any of wunnuh got a dollar? Ah hungry.


  20. Thank you Bro. Wintley – Trinidad MUST* be proud of a native son!!!


  21. Raspect Black Vagrant
    All you’ve got is your balls
    And your word ……
    And you still happy
    In Bridgetown B.U.

    p.s. Reggae gone international
    From JA & around the world.


  22. why wunna not listen to the tapes ‘blacks in the bible’and see how de whiteman stole the writings of the bible from the blacks and not have made it into what they want people to believe. What a god damn mess! Yuh can fool some of the people some of de time , but not all of de people all of de time. The truth shall set yuh free.
    Wunna teachers of the Gospel is so limited and yet yuh think yuh know it all.
    As for simon of cyrene this more man is almost never heard of in born again christian churches. Is it because what is taught regarding Jesus bearing the cross all byhimself is in conflict with simon of cyrene helping to carry it.


  23. @ ac
    “As for Simon of Cyrene this man is almost never heard of in born again christian churches. Is it because what is taught regarding Jesus bearing the cross all by himself is in conflict with Simon of Cyrene helping to carry it???

    THIS IS UNQUESTIONABLY THE MOST ASTUTE OBSERVATIONAL QUESTION POSED IN THIS WHOLE THREAD?

    A question that obviously is not easily answered!!!

    For all of our enlightened Biblical SCHOLARS* inspired and versed in the “academic” discipline of EXEGESIS & HERMENEUTICS – it would be interesting for them to posit a theological slant on this most formidable question… Let’s see what happens!!!

    I will pass this “BATON” on this one….


  24. It is fascinating to note that images of Jesus’ Crucifixion did not appear in christian churches until the 10th century – because the church was more obsessed with PARADISE* than with sacrifice and suffering..

    Why not, one may ask?

    Well, it’s worthy doing some independent research to find out why!!!

    @ ac

    IN ATTEMPTING TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION!!!

    The “Basilideans” taught that Jesus Christ only appeared to be a physical man, but was in fact a purely spiritual being. Moreover, to undergo martyrdom in imitating Christ is useless, (for it is to die for Simon of Cyrene), not for Christ. (Ad. Haer. II.xxiv.4).

    DID YOU GET THAT BIT OF PHILOSOPHY!!!

    THIS IS ALSO A PRECURSOR ARGUMENT USED WITHIN ISLAM…

    After being nearly beaten to death by Roman troops (a pack of wicked ROMAN cowards, beating a bound, blindfolded man) the Messiah was physically incapable of carrying the cross…

    So Simon of Cyrene, who destiny had brought him there, was “forced” to carry HIS* CROSS!!!

    ISN’T IT INTERESTED THAT:

    Jews from Cyrene were present at The Day of Pentecost at the founding of the Christian church -:

    “Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? And how is it that we hear, each of us in his own native language? Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to CYRENE*, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabians, we hear them telling in our own tongues the mighty works of God.” (Acts 2:4-11)……….

    Just as Non-Christian Jews of Cyrene were involved in the martyrdom of Stephen (as was the then still-unconverted Pharisee Saul (the persecutor of the Nazarenes):

    “And Stephen, full of grace and power, did great wonders and signs among the people. Then some of those who belonged to the SYNAGOGUE* of the Freedmen, as it was called, and of the CYRENIANS*, and of the Alexandrians, and of those from Cilicia and Asia, arose and disputed with Stephen…” (Acts 6:8-14)

    Many people from Cyrene were among the church at Antioch, where believers were first called Christians:
    “But there were some of them, men of Cyprus and CYRENE*, who on coming to Antioch spoke to the Greeks also, preaching the Lord Jesus…(Acts 11:20-26)

    The BIBLE* reminds all of us of “taking up our own cross and following JESUS*”.

    Again the “GREATEST” must become a servant of all – putting myself last and others first.

    If this is what it means to be a servant – then, dear Jesus, are you showing me what it means to be that kind of a servant. Is this man from CYRENE* modeling for me the path of TRUE* discipleship?

    AGAIN I ASK –

    “Must Jesus bear the cross alone
    And all the world go free?
    No, there’s a cross for everyone
    And there’s a cross for me.”


  25. As Stephen was stoned by his accusers but cried Father, forgive them for they do not know what they do … Stephen is a symbolic type of Christ who also cried out in the same as Stephen did when being murdered by his accusers…

    Saul who was there at the stoning of Stephen – Christ would earmark to suffer much for the Cross & cause of Christ and the promulgation of the Gospel. The Cyrenians who too were amongst Stephen’s murderers would also be the ones to play an early role in the Church at Antioch (preaching and teaching) CHRIST*…

    Simon the Cyrenian had set the stage for discipleship by being forced by the Roman soldier to carry the Cross of our Lord on that fateful day…

    Was this a fluke?

    Was this happenstance?

    Was this a cosmic coincidence?

    Was Simon in the right place at the right time prophetically – for a set purpose orchestrated and designed by heaven?

    I’ll let you decide!!!

    Out of the maddening crowd – one man SIMON* the Cyrenian was chosen!!!

    Jesus – bleeding profusely, ripped, whipped and torn buckled under the weight of the Cross and clearly He could no longer carry the Cross another inch…

    Simon bore the Cross on his back the rest of the way (what some call) The Via Dellarosa all the way up to Golgotha…

    This has spiritual, prophetic as well as symbolic significance for all of us in 2 ways…

    (1) As the 13th Disciple ( Judas the Betrayer a casualty of suicide) and (Matthias NOT* yet elected, anointed and laid hands on) stepped in at the “11 o’clock” hour to bear the burden that the other 12 did and could not bear (in the Garden of Gethsemane or in Pilate’s Hall)…

    Here was a Black man from North Africa (possibly a JEW*) who based on “divine destiny” stepped into the vacuum and filled what even Jesus could NOT* even do for Himself!!!

    The age-old CHURCH* for the last 2000 years continues to deny the role of the BLACK* MAN in the episteme of God prophetic scheme – that has been to our own damnation…

    Everyone who has been “CHOSEN” by God to fill a specific role within TIME-PROPHECY” was designated so by “divine-decree” – whether we are blind enough NOT* to see – then that is our own spiritual darkness – But those who have ears to hear will hear, just as those who have eyes to see will see…


  26. But what if they wanted to crucify Christ again? Same dog bite you in the morning will bite you in the evening. Once bitten twice shy.. please don’t ask why. It is no wonder Jesus is on the D-Lo keeping a low profile this time round…


  27. @ TMB
    You said, quote:-“Jesus – bleeding profusely, ripped, whipped and torn buckled under the weight of the Cross and clearly He could no longer carry the Cross another inch…”
    ************************************************************
    Sir, and you really expect folk to believe this!! That, Jesus Christ, a GOD in his own right who actually had the power over His life and death was “no longer able to carry a cross!”
    What does this scripture, from John 10:17 & 18, teach us??
    17 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.
    18 No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.
    **********************************************************
    And, you Sir, expect to bring such drivel and expect me to fall for it? Well, wheel and come again!


  28. AGAIN SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TAKEN OUT OF CONTEXT…

    IT IS APPALLING THE LACK OF BIBLICAL UNDERSTANDING…

    BLESSED IS HE WHO READS!!!


  29. Yeshua Adonai – the LAMB* slaughtered from the before the foundation of the world…laid down his life for humanity – in a selfless act of divine love…

    The physical incarnation of God The Creator – equal in majesty and power to the FATHER – “stepped down” TWICE* to save humanity in the form of JESUS* (son of Mary)…

    Though 100% Divine – yet 100% human on every level was subject to the death of the Cross bearing all the pain and shame that no other man could pay…

    To say that his physical contusions and lacerations under the weight the cross with all that he had borne prior had not rigamortized his physiology is frankly dishonest…


  30. Bridgetown vagrant | September 30, 2010 at 3:58 PM |
    GP
    don’t repeat that Lynch myth (shite) about Blacks being divided according to colour etc. That is an urban myth started by Black American in the 1990′s. Do some research nuh.

    Actually Sir this is well documented

    Re
    I can’t see how repeating a bunch fanciful shite gwine help any a we

    I concur


  31. I love David Wilkerson’s posit on the issue:-

    “There is a truth hidden here that we must uncover. It is a truth so powerful and edifying, it could change the way we look at all our troubles and hurts. And even though it almost sounds sacrilegious to suggest Jesus did not carry His own cross, that is the truth. What it means to us today is that Jesus, who is touched by the feelings of our infirmities, must experience for Himself what it is like to be weak, discouraged and unable to go on without help. He was in all points tempted just as we are. The temptation is not in failing, not in laying down the cross because of weakness; the real temptation is in trying to pick up that cross and carry it on in our own strength. God could have supernaturally lifted that cross and magically levitated it all the way to Calvary. Then, too, He could have taken the weight out of the cross and made it featherlike. But He did not. The crucifixion scene was not a series of blunders, and though Christ died at the hands of sinners, the entire plan was borne in the heart of God from the foundation of the world. God put Simon there, ready to play his part in the plan of redemption. God was not caught by surprise when His Son could no longer carry the cross and thus fulfill prophecy. God knew Jesus would take up His cross, follow toward Golgotha, then lay it down.”


  32. Re
    To say that his physical contusions and lacerations under the weight the cross with all that he had borne prior had not rigamortized his physiology is frankly dishonest…

    I HAVE NOT HEARD SO MUCH JUNK IN 36 YEARS IN MEDICINE

    The Bar Raiser is now an expert in Physiology and Pathology????

    First the Biblical text indicates that Jesus recieved his “physical contusions and lacerations ” BEFORE HE RECIEVED THE CROSS. A reading of the highly acclaimed EVIDENCE THAT DEMANDS A VERDICT by Josh MacDowell which describes in detail the nature and extent of the Roman lictors (predicted in the Prophets as beating on his back so as to did furrows) would indicate to anyone who really understands Physiology, that the blood loss associated with such a beating on an ordinary man would have resulted in death.

    Any one who understands theblood supply and drainage of the face and brow would know that the blood loss from the beating of thorns on one’s brow and the terrific battering that Jesus took to his face by the soldiers would have caused death.

    There are some that in pretending to know reveal themselves to be fools!

    MR HOOD YOU HAVE INDEED INTERPRETED JOHN 10:18 ( and Psalm 22) CORRECTLY AND WITHIN ITS CONTEXT!

    JESUS SAID THAT HE COULD NOT REALLY BE KILLED BY ANYONE

    THAT NO ONE COULD TAKE HIS LIFE FROM HIM AND THAT HE WOULD GIVE UP HIS LIFE

    The text in John 19: 30
    Note that he did not die from suffocation or asphyxia as the victims of crucifixtion usually after days of torture on the cross. John 19:34 is forensic proof that he was dead already in less than a day. Note the separation of the serum from the blood elements.

    The creator was able to compensate by bringing fluid from the cellular compsartment to expand his blood volume in order to reach the cross. This was an anmazing feat and a miracle in itself and proved that he was indeed God.

    Hoodiie ma bwoy, DONT LET NO BODY rigamortize your physiology hear? Sit down quick before you fall down and hit your head from the laughing.

    HOODIE WHEN YA “PHYSIOLOGY BECOMES RIGAMORTIZED YA DONE DEAD LONG TIME OK?

    I going here and rigamortize some food!


  33. In Apologetics Press: Reason & Revelation – An Examination of the Medical Evidence for the Physical Death of Christ by Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. and Dr. Bert Thompson, Ph.D.

    In the short span of time between the institution of the Lord’s Supper and the end of the Roman trial, Christ suffered great emotional stress (as evinced by the probable hematidrosis), abandonment by His disciples and a physical beating after the Jewish trial. It also is important to note that Jesus was forced to walk more than 2.5 miles to and from the sites of various trials, having slept little if any the night before. All these factors would have rendered Jesus particularly vulnerable to the physiological effects of scourging.

    From John’s account, we learn that Pilate had Jesus scourged and then brought Him before the Jews once again, probably in an effort to forego the execution (John 19:1-2). However, the people still demanded Christ’s death. The Greek term translated “scourging” in Matthew 27:26 and Mark 15:15 is the word phragellosas, which is translated “having scourged.” The noun form is phragellion, which in Latin is translated flagellum, meaning whip or scourge. John used a word for scourge, emastigosen, the noun form of which is mastix, meaning a whip or a scourge. [It is from this word that we get our English word mastigium, which refers to an organ found in caterpillars that possess whip-like processes to keep parasites away.]

    The practice of scourging was a legal preliminary to every Roman execution (Hengel, 1977) because it weakened the victim through shock and blood loss. Without scourging, strong, condemned men might live on the cross for several days until exposure, wild animals, insects, or birds resulted in their death. The only allowable exemptions to this law were women and Roman senators or soldiers (except in cases of desertion) [Barbet, 1953, p. 45].

    In their critically acclaimed article, “On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ,” in the March 21, 1986 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, William Edwards and his coauthors (of the famed Mayo Clinic) described the instrument used by the Roman soldiers for flogging as “a short whip (flagrum or flagellum) with several single or braided leather thongs of variable lengths, in which small iron balls or sharp pieces of sheep bones were tied at intervals” (Edwards, et al., 1986, 256:1457, parenthetical item in orig.).

    Ironically, this is the same type of instrument Jesus Himself used in John 2:15 when He drove the moneychangers from the Temple (although the text does not indicate whether He actually used it, or merely held it out as a symbol of authority).

    To position a man for scourging, soldiers tied the victim (frequently naked) to an upright post (Barbet, 1953, p. 46) in a bent position (Vine, et al., 1996, p. 551). The common method of Jewish scourging was via the use of three thongs of leather, the offender receiving thirteen stripes on the bare breast and thirteen across each shoulder (which explains the 40 stripes less one administered to Paul in 2 Corinthians 11:24).

    However, there was no such limit on the number of blows the Romans could deliver during a scourging, thus Christ’s flogging at their hands would have been much worse. Christ would have received repeated blows to His chest, back, buttocks, and legs by two soldiers (known as lictors), the severity of which depended mainly on the mood of the lictors at the time. Initial anterior blows undoubtedly would have opened the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue of His chest (Davis, 1965, p. 185).

    Subsequent blows would have tattered the underlying pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, as well as the medial aspects of the serratus anterior muscle (Netter, 1994, p. 174). Once these layers were ravaged, repetitive blows could fracture intercoastal ribs and shred the three layers of intercoastal muscles, causing superficial and cutaneous vessels of the chest to be lacerated.

    However we know that Christ did not suffer any broken bones because He was crucified in such a manner that “a bone of him shall not be broken” (John 19:36), as was foretold by earlier prophecies (cf. Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12; Psalm 34:20).

    Therefore, at best, the exposed superior epigastric artery and vein may have been compromised, while all other major anterior vessels would have been protected behind the ribs themselves (Netter, p. 175). Edwards and his colleagues described Christ’s scourging in the following manner:

    Then, as the flogging continued, the lacerations would tear into the underlying skeletal muscles and produce quivering ribbons of bleeding flesh. Pain and blood loss generally set the stage for circulatory shock (1986, 256:1457).

    During scourging, the victim would experience an oozing of blood from cutaneous capillaries and veins until the wounds went deep enough to cause arterial blood to spurt out rhythmically with each successive heartbeat. In many cases, scourging “was itself fatal” (Kittel, 1967, 4:517).

    Blows to Christ’s back would have started in a similar fashion, with skin being torn with the initial strikes. Subsequent blows then would have resulted in the laceration of the superficial back muscles (i.e., trapezius and latissimus dorsi).

    Continued beatings would begin to flay into the deep erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis) that are innervated by dorsal rami from the spinal cord (Netter, p. 133).

    The perforation of these muscles would have sent excruciating pain to the spinal cord and then directly to the brain. No doubt in many victims the spinous processes that extend out in a posterior fashion from each vertebrae would have splintered as a result of the harsh blows.

    Having the ribs intact would protect the posterior intercoastal arteries, the veins, and the intercoastal nerves.

    During the scourging, it would be commonplace for the lacerated skin and bloodied, underlying muscle tissue to take on the appearance (in a quite literal fashion) of “shredded meat.” Peter referred to the beating of Christ when he reminded first-century Christians that it was Jesus “by whose stripes ye were healed” (1 Peter 2:24).

    Significantly, the term “stripes” in the original language is in the singular number, suggesting that the back of the Lord was such a mass of bleeding, bruised tissue, that it appeared as a single wound (Wuest, 1942, p. 69).


  34. cont’d…

    The blood loss suffered by Christ during His scourging would have been substantial, and would have resulted in a lowered blood pressure and reduced flow of blood throughout His body. If this condition persisted, hypovolemic shock would have set in (characterized by reduced blood flow to cells and tissues), which then would lead to irreversible cell and organ damage, and eventually death. Jewish law originally allowed for 40 blows (Deuteronomy 25:3), but that number later was reduced to 39 to avoid inadvertently violating the law (Barbet, 1953, p. 46).

    The prophet Isaiah provided a graphic description of the outward appearance of our Lord after He had undergone the scourging: “Like as many were astonished at thee (his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men)” [Isaiah 52:14]. Christ’s body was so disfigured that He almost did not appear human anymore. Yet, sadly, the worst was still to come.


  35. cont’d…

    In an act of pure sadistic torment, Roman soldiers placed an imitation crown on Christ’s head and mockingly bowed down to Him in reverence. But this was no ordinary crown. John 19 states:

    Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him. And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and arrayed him in a purple garment; and they came unto him, and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and they struck him with their hands (v. 1-3).

    The thorns used to form this special crown were more than a few mere briars. Botanists familiar with foliage of the Middle East have suggested that the thorns could have come from the lote tree—the Zizyphus spina christi. This tree had thorns averaging one inch in length. It was improbable for anyone to form a wreath-like crown using these thorns without being injured. It would be more probable, therefore, that the crown of thorns was more like a helmet. In fact, it would have been easier to cut off a bush and use it as a helmet of thorns (see “Crown of Thorns,” 2001).

    Unlike the traditional crown, which often is depicted in artists’ portrayals as an open ring, the actual crown of thorns probably covered His entire scalp (Lumpkin, 1978). The gospel accounts record that following His crowning, Jesus received continued blows to the head. These blows would have driven these thorns deep into the highly vascularized scalp and forehead, penetrating both the frontalis and occipitalis muscles (Netter, p. 21).

    Perforations of any of the numerous arterial or venous tributaries encircling the cranium—such as the frontal and parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery and vein—would have caused extensive bleeding. Additionally, branches of the superficial cutaneous nerves of the head, such as, for example, the greater occipital nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve, would have been perforated, causing indescribable pain.


  36. Mr Hood
    We must keep it simple
    Here I am a Centurion with a detail of soldiers to carry out the crucifixions for the day.

    I know the drill and the time it takes .

    But we have beaten and whipped this Jesus such that he should be dead already. [A sailor from the Farre islands (probably spelt incorrectly) that he had to be transfussed 4 pints for injuries to his face].

    This man is carrying his cross but slowly…….he is keeping me back. What to do?
    Oh here is a big tall strong looking BLACK man. I will ask him to carry the cross. There simple.

    Do we immortalize any of the other folk in the story of the cross NO? But SIMON WAS BLACK SO HE WAS SPECIAL?
    DID HE DIE FOR MY SINS? NO
    WAS HE RAISED FOR MY JUSTIFICATION? NO
    IS HE MY ADVOCATE WITH THE FATHER ? NO
    IS HE COMING BACK TO JUDGE> NO

    Simon the black man carried the cross up the hil man thats all!
    He is a prop in the play. He is an incidental NOT AN ESSENTIAL! GODS PLAN OF SALVATION COULD BE WROUGHT WITH OR WITHOUT THIS BLACK MAN THIS FOOL IS TRYINGTO ELEVATE!

    THE DEVIL IS PRESENT HERE. HE ALWAYS TRIES TO GET PEOPLE TO TAKE THIER EYES OF JESUS!
    Now some stupid idiots want us to look to Simon and take our eyes of the Christ of Calvary!

    The command in Hebrews Chapter 12 verse two is VERY CLEAR
    1. Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us, 2. Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.

    JESIS IS THE AUTHOR & FINISHER OF OUR FAITH
    JESUS ENDURED THE CROSS
    JESUS DESPISED THE SHAME
    JESUS IS SET DOWN AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE THRONE OF GOD

    Simon the black boy was detailed by his masters to do what was to them a little odd job.

    THE BIBLE SAYS NOTHING MORE ABOUT THE BLACK MAN SIMOM

    DON’T MAKE HIMOUT TO BE A HERO CAUSE HE BLACK

    JESUS IS THE HERO OF THE CROSS AND THE BIBLE NARRATIVE. THAT IS WHERE WE SHOULD PUT THE EMPHASIS

    Simon is mentioned once and he is a star boy? Let me go and rigamortize ny Physiology do! LOl


  37. cont’d…

    The Jewish historian Josephus aptly described crucifixion, following the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans in A.D. 66-70, as “the most wretched of deaths” (War of the Jews, 7.203).

    The apostle Paul penned these beautiful words describing Christ: “And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross” (Philippians 2:8).

    Knowing that He had to continue on for humanity’s sake, a beaten and scourged Jesus began that long walk to the site of His death. Archaeological evidence strongly suggests that criminals during the time of Christ were not forced to carry an entire T-shaped cross as is commonly portrayed in art-deco jewelry or Hollywood films, but rather only the crossbeam (known as a patibulum), which would have weighed between 75 and 125 pounds.

    It was customary, however, for convicted criminals to carry their own cross from the scourging site to the place of crucifixion (Barbet, 1953, p. 46; Tenney, 1964, p. 286; Bromiley, 1979, 1:829). Their hands normally were tied (or even left unbound) during the procession, rather than being nailed to the patibulum. The effects of the scourging on Christ’s physical condition can be inferred from His severely weakened condition—as demonstrated by the fact that later, Simon of Cyrene would be compelled to carry the patibulum.

    As a bloodied Christ struggled with that crossbeam, a centurion led the procession, which usually consisted of a full Roman military guard (Barbet, 1953, p. 49; Johnson, 1978, 70:100).

    One of the soldiers in the procession carried a sign that later would be attached to the top of the cross, denoting the convicted man’s name and crime (Johnson, 70:100). Measurements indicate that the distance from the Praetorium to the site of Christ’s crucifixion was approximately one-third of a mile (600-650 meters) [Davis, 1965, p. 186; Bucklin, 1970; Johnson, 1978, p. 99; Edwards et al., 1986, 256:1456].

    The Bible never actually mentions that Christ collapsed under that heavy load. However, consider the possibility that if His hands were tied to the crosspiece and He had fallen, Jesus would have been unable to break the fall. Researchers have speculated that falling under the weight of a crossbeam very likely would have “resulted in blunt chest trauma and a contused heart” (Ball, 1989, p. 83).

    Having suffered considerable blood loss from the scourging, Jesus likely was in a dehydrated state when He finally reached the top of this small knoll. Jesus was offered two drinks at Golgotha.

    The first—a drugged wine (i.e., mixed with myrrh) that served as a mild analgesic to deaden some of the pain—was offered immediately upon His arrival (Shroud, 1871; Davis, 1965, p. 186). However, after having tasted it, Christ refused the concoction. He chose to face death with a clear mind so He could conquer it willfully as He submitted Himself to the cruelty of the cross. “And when they came to a place called Golgotha, they offered him wine to drink, mixed with gall; but when he tasted it, he would not drink it” (Matthew 27:33-34). This particular drink was intended to dull the pain in preparation for the next step of crucifixion—the nailing of the hands and feet. Thus, it would have been around this time that a battered, bleeding Jesus was thrown to the ground and nailed to the cross.


  38. cont’d

    Were the gentle hands and feet of Christ truly pierced, or did ropes simply lash them to the cross?

    Ossuary findings document the fact that nailing was the preferred Roman practice (Haas, 1970; Tzaferis, 1970; Bromiley, 1979, 1:829; Edwards, et al., 1986, 256:1459). Additionally, researchers have discovered a Jewish ossuary—bearing the Hebrew inscription “Jehohanan the son of HGQWL”—that contained a seven-inch spike piercing the remains of two heel bones, with a piece of olive wood at the point (Haas, 1970).

    Luke recorded for us Christ’s invitation to examine His hands and feet (Luke 24:39), which indicates the wounds Christ suffered were ones that could be identified easily. John’s written account is even more telling, as we learn that Thomas, one of the disciples, stated: “Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe” (John 20:25).

    Clearly, from the text we see that Christ’s hands and feet were nailed to the cross. Archaeological data indicate that the specific nails used during the time of Christ’s crucifixion were tapered iron spikes five to seven inches long with a square shaft approximately three-eighths of an inch across (Haas, 1970; Tzaferis, 1970; Clements, 1992, p. 108).

    Various studies have demonstrated that the bony palms cannot support the weight of a body hanging from them (e.g., Barbet, 1953).

    The weight of the body would tear quite easily through the lumbricals and flexor tendons—breaking the metacarpal bones as the nails pulled free—allowing the body to fall to the Earth.

    However, in ancient terminology, the wrist was considered to be part of the hand (Barbet, 1953, p. 106; Davis, 1965, p. 184; Major, 1999, 19:86).

    At the base of the wrist bones, the strong fibrous band of the flexor retinaculum binds down the flexor tendons. Iron spikes driven through the flexor retinaculum easily could have passed between bony elements and held the weight of a man.

    This location would require that the nail be placed through either: (1) the space between the radius and carpal bones (lunate and scaphoid bones); or (2) between the two rows of carpal bones (Barbet, 1953, p. 106; DePasquale and Burch, 1963, p. 434; Lumpkin, 1978; Netter, 1994, p. 426).

    A spike driven through this location, however, almost certainly would cause the median nerve or peripheral branches to be pierced (see Figure 2), resulting in a condition known as causalgia.

    The median nerve is a major nerve that passes directly through the midline of the wrist and services all but one-and-one-half of the muscles in the anterior portion of the forearm. It passes directly under the flexor retinaculum of the wrist as it supplies motor innervation to the three thenar (thumb) muscles and the first and second lumbrical muscles.

    This large nerve also provides sensory innervation to the palm, as well as to digits two and three in the hand. Any damage to this nerve would have caused extraordinary pain to radiate up the arm, then through the axilla, to the spinal cord, and finally to the brain.

    Primary arteries travel on the medial and lateral aspects of the wrist, and therefore would be spared if the spike had been driven into this location. [Scientific studies—using volunteer college students—have shown that people suspended from crosses with their arms outstretched in the traditional manner depicted in religious art have little problem breathing (Zugibe, 1984, p. 9).

    Thus, the oft’-quoted idea that death on the cross results from asphyxiation would be a factor only if the hands were nailed in an elevated fashion above the head of the victim.] And so, with His hands firmly nailed to the cross and His back bleeding and emaciated, Christ was hoisted onto the rough-hewn, upright stake.

    The pain Christ must have experienced up to this point would have been excruciating, and yet the Roman soldiers were about to deliver even more.

    There were many ways to nail the feet to the stipes, but most required the knees to be flexed and rotated laterally. It is likely that the spikes were driven through either the: (1) tarsometatarsal joint (between the metatarsal bones and cuneiform bones); or (2) the transverse tarsal joint (between the calcaneus and cuboid or navicular bones).

    While this placement undoubtedly would prevent the bones of Christ’s feet from breaking, it nevertheless would cause severe injury to the deep peroneal nerve or lateral plantar nerve (and artery), and certainly would pierce the quadratus plantae muscle (Netter, 1994, p. 509).

    It would not be uncommon by this time for insects to burrow into open wounds or orifices (such as the nose, mouth, ears, and eyes) of a crucified victim; additionally birds of prey frequently were known to feed off the tattered wounds (Cooper, 1883).

    It was in this position, with His precious blood seeping down the cross, that Christ uttered the amazing statement: “Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34).

    Even though blood poured from His lacerated back, one major pathophysiological impairment Jesus faced during crucifixion was normal respiration (i.e., breathing). Maximum inhalation would have been possible only when the body weight was supported by the nailed wrists of the outstretched arms.

    When Christ first was lifted onto the splinter-covered surface of the cross, His arms and body were stretched out in the form of a “Y.” A momentary “T” position would be required to allow proper support for inhalation.

    Thus, in order to breathe He was required to lift His body using His nailed wrists for leverage. Exhalation would be impossible in this position, and the immense pain placed on the wrists quickly would become too great; therefore, Christ would have to slump back into a “Y” position to exhale. Jesus would be forced to continue alternating between the “Y” and “T” positions with every breath, trying all the while not to reopen the wounds He had received from the scourging.

    Fatigued muscles eventually would begin to spasm, and Christ would become exhausted from these repeated tasks, slumping permanently into the shape of a “Y.” In this position, chest and respiratory muscles soon would become paralyzed from the increased strain and pain. Without strength for breath, Christ’s body would begin to suffer from asphyxia.


  39. cont’d…

    The True Passover Lamb

    The agony that Christ would experience on the cross was foretold in Psalm 22:

    “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my groaning? O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou answerest not; And in the night season, and am not silent. But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. But I am a worm, and no man; A reproach of men, and despised of the people. All they that see me laugh me to scorn: They shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, ‘Commit thyself unto Jehovah; Let him deliver him: Let him rescue him, seeing he delighteth in him.’ I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; It is melted within me. My strength is dried up like a potsherd; And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; And thou hast brought me into the dust of death. For dogs have compassed me: A company of evil-doers has enclosed me; They pierced my hands and my feet. I may count all my bones; They look and stare upon me. They part my garments among them, And upon my vesture do they cast lots.”

    As insects and dogs circled, and as passersby spat on Him, Christ—with blood dripping from the open wounds on His back and nail holes in His hands and feet—shouldered the sins of the world.

    As exposed nerves exploded into unbearable pain with each movement, and as His internal organs began failing due to a lack of sufficient oxygen, for the first and only time in His life, Jesus found Himself separated from His Father. Matthew 27:46 describes His anguish: “And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, ‘Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?’ that is, ‘My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?’ ” This was the first time in His life, so far as Scripture records, that Jesus did not address God as His Father. Isaiah 59:2 informs us of that separation, and the reason that God had to turn His face from His sin-laden Son: “But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, so that he will not hear.”

    The second drink that Jesus was offered on the cross came after this plaintive cry. He accepted this potion, which consisted of wine vinegar, just moments before His death.

    After this Jesus, knowing that all things are now finished, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, “I thirst.” There was set there a vessel full of vinegar: so they put a sponge full of the vinegar upon hyssop, and brought it to his mouth. When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished”: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit (John 19:28).

    Interestingly, this drink was delivered using the stalk of a hyssop plant. Recall that the crucifixion took place around the Feast of the Passover.

    In describing the Passover Lamb in Exodus 12:22-23, Moses told the children of Israel to “take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood in the basin.

    None of you shall go outside the door of your house until morning.” It is worth mentioning that at Christ’s crucifixion, this hyssop stalk pointed to the blood of the Perfect Lamb, which was shed for the salvation of all mankind.


  40. cont’d…

    Piercing Christ’s Side

    While death on the cross may have been caused by any number of factors, and likely would have varied with each individual case, the two seemingly most prominent causes of death probably were hypovolemic shock and exhaustion asphyxia (DePasquale, 1963; Davis, 1965).

    Others have proposed dehydration, cardiac arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure with the rapid accumulation of pericardial and pleural effusions as possible contributing factors (Lumpkin 1978; Clements, 1992, pp. 108-109;).

    The ability of Christ to cry out with a loud voice indicates that asphyxia was probably not the major causative factor.

    The finality of death upon the cross often was accomplished by the breaking of the legs of the victims, which caused still more traumatic shock and prevented an individual from pushing up in order to fully respire.

    In an effort to get the bodies off the crosses before the Sabbath day, the soldiers therefore came, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other that was crucified with him: but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: howbeit one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and water (John 19:32-34).

    Much speculation has centered on the exact location of the puncture wound and thus the source of the resulting blood and water. However, the Greek word (pleura) that John used clearly denotes the area of the intercoastal ribs that cover the lungs (Netter, 1994, p. 184).

    Given the upward angle of the spear, and the thoracic location of the wound, abdominal organs can be ruled out as having provided the blood and water.

    A more likely scenario would suggest that the piercing affected a lung (along with any built-up fluid), the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, the right atrium of the heart itself, the pulmonary vessels, and/or the aorta.

    Since John did not describe the specific side of the body on which the wound was inflicted, we can only speculate about which structures might have been impaled by such a vicious act.

    However, the blood could have resulted from the heart, the aorta, or any of the pulmonary vessels.

    Water probably was provided by pleural or pericardial fluids (that surround the lungs and heart).


  41. Mr Hood
    You can always tell when a man does not know his onions. Here it is that after i have rigamortized the bar raiser’s physiology that he produces an article detailing the same issues which I have pointed out above and which you have grasped from your study of John 1) and Psalm 22.

    Simply outlined
    Jesus faced in his passion
    PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES
    PHYSIOLOGICAL ISSUES
    PATHOLOGICAL ISSUES

    but none of these killed him. In John 19 : 30 WE READ THAT HE GAVE UP THE GHOST OR HIS LIFE just as he had promised in JOhn 10:17 &18

    How could he have done this and SPOKEN on the cross if he HAD RIGAMORTIZED HIS PHYSIOLOGY Hoddie. Tell ma, do

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