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Chief Justice Designate Marston Gibson

IN 1973, Lord Reid, had occasion to comment on an apparent absurd legal conclusion which arose in the case HAUGHTON v SMITH.ย  The absurdity arising from the decision in a Lower Court was that the law had made it possible to steal from an empty pocket.ย  Reflecting on an earlier assessment by Mr. Bumbleย of Dickensian fame, the learned Law Lord remarked โ€œthe law may sometimes be an ass but it cannot be so asinine as that.โ€ The absurd notion was therefore rejected.

The Nationโ€™s Editorial of Monday 13 December 2010 caused me to reflect on the above assessment. The emphatic and unambiguous assessment of the writer was that a person who had practiced in India or any other Commonwealth country for a period of fifteen years was qualified to be appointed Chief Justice of Barbados; Mr. Marston Gibson who qualified to practice in the Courts of Barbados and was admitted to practice in 1981, WAS NOT.ย  It was the most magnificent piece of foolishness I had ever seen in the editorial of a newspaper and which was being passed off as informed comment.

The genesis of the debate surrounding the appointment of the Chief Justice which has taken on a very unfortunate political element may be located in the last appointment when Mr. David Simmons, the then Attorney General was appointed Chief Justice.ย  Further fuel was added to the already inflamed political passions when the political directorate refused an extension of his tenure earlier this year and he had to demit office.ย  This unfortunate event has in my view stripped the debate on the new appointment of the much desired objectivity; I shall therefore try, by this contribution, to give some greater insight into the law affecting the appointment of a Chief Justice.

THE LAW

The appointment of the Chief Justice is made pursuant to S.81 of the Constitution of Barbados.ย  However that section stipulates that the qualification for appointment shall be such as may be prescribed by any law for the time being in force.ย ย  The Editorial and other commentators have correctly cited this law as Sec.7 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act Cap 117 A of the Laws of Barbados.

Sec 7 (2) stipulates:

โ€œAny person is qualified for appointment as Chief Justice or as a judge of the Court of Appeal who

    1. Is a judge of the High Court; or
    2. Is qualified to practice as an Attorney-at-Law in such a Court and has been in practice as such for a period of, or periods accordingly in the aggregate to not less then, 15 years.
    (3) In this section โ€œpractice for a period as an attorney-at-lawโ€ includes any period during which a person served as an attorney-at-law, advocate, barrister-at-law, Magistrate or Registrar of a Court in some part of the Commonwealth or as a Parliamentary Counsel or as a professor or teacher of law at the University of the West Indies or at a school for legal education approved by the judicial and legal services Commissionโ€.

The above provision was used by the editor to categorically state that Mr. Gibson DOES NOT FULFILL THE QUALIFICATION

Statutory Interpretation/Construction

The philosophical underpinning of the interpretation/construction of a statute has always been to see what Parliament intended.ย  To arrive at that intention, a court will first apply a LITERAL reading of the statute.ย  If that reading leads to an ABSURD conclusion, the literal approach will be substituted for a PURPOSIVE approached to arrive at the LOGICAL INTENT.

Let me first pose the fundamental question:

Could the Parliament of Independent Barbados have intended that a person from India, Malawi, Pakistan, Ghana, Zimbabweโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ be qualified for an appointment as Chief Justice in Barbados by virtue of his having served in the commonwealth, and a native Barbadian who QUALIFIED FOR PRACTICE AND WAS CALLED TO PRACTICE 29 YEARS AGO be not qualified?

Let us therefore examine the provision:

โ€œ7 (b) โ€œis qualified to practice as an attorney-at-law, advocateโ€ฆโ€ฆ. To not less than, 15 years.โ€

A person is โ€œqualified to practiceโ€ law in Barbados by virtue of acquiring the appropriate certificate from one of the approved Law Schools in the Caribbean.ย  Some exception to this was made for a number of persons in the 1980s, but the door has since been shut.ย  All practitioners of law must produce certification as stated above.ย  Mr. Gibson has that certification.ย  Is the editor suggesting that a Commonwealth person who does not have that certification might be so qualified and Mr. Gibson is NOT?ย  Can there be any greater illogic?

The facts speak for themselves.

โ€œAnd has been in practiceโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ what does that mean?ย  I submit that as long as an Attorney-at-Law is on the Rolls.ย  HE IS IN PRACTICE.ย  If Mr. Gibson wishes to appear in our Courts TODAY, he only has to pay his fees.ย  HE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE READMITTED.ย  But, Sec 7 (3) clenches the pointโ€ฆ.:

In this section โ€œpractice for a period as an attorney-at-lawโ€ INCLUDES (my emphasis) any periodโ€ฆโ€ฆ..

It is a basic rule of Statutory interpretation that the presence of the word โ€œincludesโ€ implies the additional meaning โ€œBUT NOT LIMITED TOโ€โ€ฆโ€ฆ.

This submission puts Mr. Gibsonโ€™s qualification for the post BEYOND DISPUTE.

It is unfortunate that the editorial writer did not avail himself of the kind of guidance necessary to assist him in interpreting the statute, and it is a warning to all, that it is unwise to jump into a matter such as this without that guidance.ย  Statutory Interpretation requires more than a basic ability to read the English Language and โ€œa little learning is a dangerous thing.ย  Drink deep or taste not the Pyerian Spring.โ€


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  1. Jeff Cumberbatch Avatar
    Jeff Cumberbatch

    The only problem with your source’s assertion, Sarge, is that there might be an issue of whether the US may be considered a common law jurisdiction at the present day.


  2. Well if they had just push from last year whether they believed there was a challenge or not to get the law change so there be question, we would already have a new chief justice. It would have been gazetted already and he would have taken up his chambers. I think this show some of the nature of current government lack of handling of matter. Do nothing until you can’t get rid of the problem. A proactive approach should have been taken to get the courts back in action faster.


  3. @Jeff

    Can you cite empirical info to support your last comment?


  4. J Cumberbatch

    โ€œAmusedโ€ referred to the same rumour, and your contention would certainly open a can of worms but lawyers and courts are better equipped to navigate legal minefields that arise from situations like this.

    Perhaps the โ€œrumourโ€™ is only a trial balloon and the change in the law will be more encompassing.

    Vamos a ver.


  5. @Sarge

    Perhaps the ‘opinion’ contained in the blog is part of a kite flying exercise. Governments in Barbados are not unknown to practice such an approach as a prerequisite to making decisions.

  6. Jeff Cumberbatch Avatar
    Jeff Cumberbatch

    Yes, indeed, David. The US, or rather those states which were a colony of England before Independence might have been considered a common law jurisdiction at that stage. But over the years, the US has adopted its own way of doing things, with significant departures from the English concept of judge-made law in contracts, torts, procedure, etc.

    It may still be considered a common law jurisdiction in the strict sense that it does not have a national code of law like France, Italy and Germany, but the US is certainly not among the first jurisdictions you would think of if you are naming modern common law states. It would be surprising if a judge in New York say, would consider a judgment of the English Court of Appeal as even persuasive.


  7. @Jeff

    It appears whether by accident or design you have now opened a can of worms. The big question.


  8. @Jeff Cumberbatch,
    How different is the USA justice system to our system?

    Is it enough of a difference to disqualify Gibson?
    He has law degrees from UWI and England, taught law at UWI and clearly would know to use the appropriate standard in making judgements.

    The man can walk and chew gum at the same time.

  9. Jeff Cumberbatch Avatar
    Jeff Cumberbatch

    Not really, David. I am confident that any amendment will serve to encompass the administration’s choice beyond question…they could simply refer to the US by name, for example. Or even a state….

  10. Jeff Cumberbatch Avatar
    Jeff Cumberbatch

    No, Hants. What would seem to “disqualify” Gibson now is the current legal provision. The point about the US is based on the rumour that this is the way of the proposed amendment. Gibson hates gum, by the way:-)


  11. Humm that does open back another can of worm. I think that same question was posed earlier as even though it is the US and common law is practice there isn’t still somewhat different from our own jurisdiction.


  12. @Jeff

    By way of a general comment, does the Attorney General Office consult with the academics when drafting legislation? and if they don’t would you recommend it? Is there even a framework for it to occur?


  13. What other examples do we need of a bungling Government ?

    The appointment of a CJ has never been so madly mismanaged , mangled and mishandled.

    EVERYTHING THIS GOVERNMENT TOUCHES TURNS TO DUST.

    Budget Speech after Budget Speech is laced with non-implementable ignorance: cell phone tax; tax on lottery winnings; busfares for school children on ZRS/minibuses (PSVs).-Confusion reigns. Did I hear someone say the selection of Mara (Barrow) Thompson is another example ?Was it Dr. Leroy ?

    The selection of a CJ has now left the goodly gentleman in a state of confusion. I would advise Marston to stay where he is because these people bout hay aint ready.

    Man this Government is so poor-rakey

  14. Jeff Cumberbatch Avatar
    Jeff Cumberbatch

    David,
    Academics have been consulted by AGs on all types of matters; including drafting legislation, giving opinions etc.


  15. The bottom line is that the USA IS a common law country and considered to be so, no matter what academic speculation may ensue about that. There is no can of worms.

    If David Thompson were still with us, the announcement would have been made by now and a proactive stance taken. This procrastination does not bode well for the government.


  16. A couple of points. Prof Cumberbatch’s point on the issue of common lw juisdiction is valid and I pereive, correct.

    Sceondly, Amused said ”If David Thompson were still with us, the announcement would have been made by now and a proactive stance taken.”

    That statement can be taken two ways. Proactive maybe, or is ‘arrogant bulldozing’ heopardizing democratic rights under the Constitution is another.

    On the same issue of common law, I would suggest that the ‘indicated approach’ as stated above skirts the issue. While the law is specific, the approach that you and Sargeant indicate is proposed is ‘convenient’ but really may also be challenged IF someone so wishes, because the law is specific and prescribed but the remedy indicated utilises changing similar English words /meanings, but does not address the substance of the issue, compunded by the point that Jeff has raised.

    Again, I am not saying that the goodly gentleman is not amply ‘qualified’ in a legal sense and highly intelligent. Certainly far more than I.

    But, the law is the law. Remember, justice must not only be done, but be seen to be done.

    What future ‘bendables’ will surface at a later date? Maybe we can look at other things in the Constitution and realise that certain ‘words’ may be changed, to suit our decisions.

    I am not saying that a Constitution may never be changed or laws never changed.

    But the difference is that assessment, debate and consensus, majority or in some cases referendums are necessary to ensure a continued fair and respected legal structure.

    Unfortunately, the more I look and consider this, the more troubled I become.

    That is it for me on this.


  17. Crusoe
    Is there a whiff of a despotic tendency? Do I sense that there was (is?) a danger of genuine popular appeal morphing into personification of rule characterised by a cavalier disregard for the norms of established law and public administration and the demagogic use of the media?

    I, too, am troubled.


  18. @Ping Pong,

    You are right, ‘popular appeal’ morphing. Quite worrying.

    At least we are not alone and I am glad that Owen Arthur has raised this also.

    One must never take our rights and freedoms for granted nor sleep while laws are changed because it suits Government to do so.

    Heck, maybe elections can be held every ten years, as five merely meant a reasonable duration of time and did not really mean us to take the five years literally? And ten years is a reasonable duration of time also.

    So that law can change too?

    Slippery, slippery slope.


  19. Crusoe

    V.S.Naipaul, Nobel laureate in literature, once wrote that the future of the Caribbean was Haiti. He was not being complimentary to either Haiti or the Caribbean. I used to argue that Barbados proved Naipaul wrong but recent events and the behaviour of those I thought knew better have shakened my confidence. I never thought that in 2011 words like dynasty, the occult, demagoguery and cult of personality would remotely be part of Barbadian public discourse!


  20. The local media has finally caught up on this matter. Given its importance it has been placed as a ‘sticky post’ to invite comment.


  21. @Ping Pong, point taken and worthily raised.

    @David,

    Wrong and strong does not make right, it is still wrong.

    N’est pas?


  22. @Crusoe

    It seems the argument against the change by government to the law is that it runs contrary to what the original framers of the law intended. The question which follows therefore is under what circumstances should a law be changed? Is there ever a need to change laws given the requirements of now?


  23. I think what would be under suspicion here is the vetting process. If application where taken based on the requirement, under normal situation all application not meeting would be the first throw out. As such they want to change the law then the best solution is re-issuance of the position should be done with the change requirement to be highlighted. Thus if he is selected again they would say have pass thru a normalize vetting process and none would argue otherwise. This of course may take 1-3 months in that time change the law and gazetted it with the announcement gazetted as well. It would of course slow the process of him getting the job but it would remove some uncertainty in public perception.


  24. @David,
    Some people in Barbados are afraid that Gibson may be HONEST and competent.He is considered to be an “outsider” with no direst political “involvement”.

    Laws sometimes need to be changed. We changed from horse and buggy to car and bus.


  25. Just a continuance of the government’s lack of respect for the law. Illegal dismissals and appointments. Is the ‘CEO’ at BWA legal yet? I remember many on BU trivialising the BWA matter (despite purporting to be proponents of good governance) now it seems as if decision-making irrespective of what the law states is becoming the norm.


  26. @ Hants

    “He is considered to be an outsider with no direst political involvement.”

    Have you bumped your head?

  27. Carson C. Cadogan Avatar
    Carson C. Cadogan

    The Democratic Labour Party Government will do what the Democratic Labour Party Government has to do.

    We are not waiting on any drunken man.


  28. @Enuff ,

    Twist it how you want. The objection to Marston Gibson is that he is a strong person with integrity.
    He could bring about accountability in the Judicial system and a few crooked lawyers are “worried”.


  29. My point all along is that Marston Gibson has held a license to practice law in Barbados for well in excess of 15 years. Therefore he is qualified under the law to hold the post of Chief Justice. He has also lectured in law in Barbados and other Caribbean countries for a number of years.

    The Commonwealth (which forms the basis of the current objection) consists of many countries. There are 54 such countries, which include Malaysia and Rwanda (neither of which were a part of the former British Empire). However, it is being argued that it would be okay to appoint someone from any one of the 54 countries who has practiced law for 15 years. And NOT okay to appoint a Bajan born and bred whose first law degree is from the UWI. It is being argued that someone whose cultural background is widely different to our own would be qualified over and above one of our own. The logic of this position frankly escapes me completely.

    Laws are made to reflect the need of the society for which they are framed. Yet it is being argued that it is okay to bring in someone whose knowledge of that society is rudimentary (if they have any such knowledge to start with), in favour of one of our own โ€“ born, raised and schooled in Barbados. That is stupidity of the very highest order.

    There is, in my view, no need to change the law to ensure the appointment of Marston Gibson. He is fully qualified under the law as it stands. However, if out of an excess of caution the Government wishes to change the word โ€œCommonwealthโ€ to โ€œcommon lawโ€, so be it.

    It is a requirement that in choosing a new CJ, the PM (David Thompson) had to consult with the Attorney General (Stuart) and the leader of the opposition (Mia Mottley). It is well known that all three agreed the appointment of Marston Gibson. Now, we have Owen Arthur, in a vain and transparent effort to create political mileage, seeking to renege on the decision by the then leader of his party and getting his yard-fowls to go along with him. A decision that will without doubt highlight the total mess that Owen Arthurโ€™s appointee for the post when he was PM, made of the entire judiciary and its support organizations like the Registry.

    It is pathetic, transparent that serves to demonstrate the level of desperation of some people. And that includes the legal profession and the judiciary who, accustomed to the non-standards of a chief justice, suddenly see their nice, safe sinecures under serious threat.

    I reported some time ago that there was one case in which a judge had been sued, not for actions taken in the execution of their office, but for lack of the execution of that office. I am now able to report that this number of actions has swollen to three such actions against 3 different judges (the first being well founded, but the most recent two, in my view, being of dubious merit). Dubious merit or not, alarm bells will be ringing clearly now in the courts.

    Whether the legal and judicial professions like it or not, heads are going to roll โ€“ and ABOUT HIGH TIME!


  30. The question remains, did Mia Mottley when she was leader of the opposition agree to the appointment?


  31. @Amused, you say ”However, if out of an excess of caution the Government wishes to change the word โ€œCommonwealthโ€ to โ€œcommon lawโ€, so be it.”

    Come on. You know very well that changing the words Commonwealth to ‘common law’ does not address the issue. Unless you wish to change it to ‘common law as is present and with its precedents as set within the Commonwealth’.

    As you know that common law is basically case law, which is quite different from the Commonwealth to the state of New York, or the USA for that matter.

    Secondly, that he has held a ,license for 15 years, does not mean he has practised for the 15 years, within the Commonwealth common law i.e. utilising case law in addressing issues, case law based on British law.

    Thirdly, it is not only what is done, it is how. Specific changes to significant legislation should de assessed, debated and presented clearly, not pushed through at will.

    That is as much at issue as the intended change itself.

    And as a lawyer, you know this too.

    So, in my humble opinion, neither the form nor substance of the issue are being addressed by the intended action, in its present form.

    But then, as some on here like to say IANAL (I Am Not A Lawyer).


  32. A meeting such as that would have been minuted and her agreement recorded. I think that the statement in the Nation that the Government intends to proceed whether the oppostion [in its present form] agrees or not, clearly shows this. Mia is an excellent lawyer and has always demonstrated a deep care for the well-being of the justice system. I would find it inconceivable that she would not have agreed with this appointment……I would also not believe that she and Stuart and Thompson were not fully aware of the necessary qualifications for the post. What we are seeing now are cheap, political tactics unworthy of the stature of the leader that Mia has become – but regrettably typical of the out-moded practices of the has-been who supplanted her.


  33. onto that david if she did approve was she told he was qualified when they where selecting candidates.

    Now before amused gets on my case. You can take an over abundance of caution to mean that it is their is belief that it is possible for the the appointment to be challenge on legal ground of not being qualified within the law as it is now, in court and the challenge upheld. You can argue that far as your understand of the law goes there is no challenge. the government action shows their could be challenge and the making steps to ensure there is no challenge.


  34. @Hants ”Hants | January 23, 2011 at 1:56 PM | @Enuff ,
    Twist it how you want. The objection to Marston Gibson is that he is a strong person with integrity.
    He could bring about accountability in the Judicial system and a few crooked lawyers are โ€œworriedโ€.

    ———–

    Hants, I am quite sure that the gentleman is excellent at law, brilliant to be a Rhodes scholar and very reliable and honest.

    But, remember the adage ‘Justice must not only be done but be seen to be done’?

    Proper procedures must be followed, if we are to maintain integrity.

    A break now, will be unfortunate precedent.

    If the gentleman is to be appointed, and you want to change the law, after the fact, then at least have it properly assessed, debated and presented.


  35. @David

    The question remains, did Mia Mottley when she was leader of the opposition agree to the appointment?
    *******************
    That question is moot, I donโ€™t think Mia has to agree to any appointment, the Govโ€™t may โ€œconsultโ€ with the Leader of the Opposition but it doesnโ€™t have to follow any advice from that source
    Did David Thompson agree to Simmons appointment? In the end the appointment is the Govโ€™tโ€™s to make and it seems that the law will be amended to ensure all the iโ€™s are dotted and the tโ€™s are crossed.


  36. @Sargeant ‘seems that the law will be amended to ensure all the iโ€™s are dotted and the tโ€™s are crossed”


    Form over substance?! Lol


  37. @Sargeant

    The question is relevant in the context of the political poppycock which is currently at large.

    It would be interesting if the legal eagles were to adjudge which is more dangerous.

    1. Appointing someone recently active in the executive arm of government to the Judicature or
    2. Making the change as proposed to the common law requirement for the post of CJ.


  38. All said and done, I wish the goodly gentleman well, he will surely need much goodwill in that position, I have no grouse with him, never met him.

    Government will do what it will, it always has. Whatever…..

  39. Truthman Burton Avatar

    @Carson C. Cadogan | January 23, 2011 at 1:41 PM
    “The Democratic Labour Party Government will do what the Democratic Labour Party Government has to do. We are not waiting on any drunken man.”
    **************************

    Carson, you have no idea how hard I try to ignore your nonsense! You continue to propagate garbage , and my fear is that it might influence somebody, even if it is only one or two.

    Also, I have no desire to sully the memory of dear departed ones, but I just believe that you should show some respect for all of our leaders, even if you disagree with them politically!

    Most would recognise who that “drunken man” remark of yours refers to; it IS that same so-called “drunken man” who had to rescue this country out of staggering misery, and restore respectability and stability, on the last occasion when we allowed the DLP to “do what it had to do!”

    Thankfully by God’s grace, he is alive and kicking …… he has not imbibed overwhelming amounts of VODKA (a sure trigger for deadly cancer of the pancreas) and he is ready and able to perform that same rescue mission, so desparately needed again right NOW, Queen or no Queen!

    As a matter of fact, while we are speaking about liquor, may I exhort you to pay some attention to The Deputy Speaker, if you are interested in HIS health? You most certainly will not regain THAT seat in any coming election whether “By” or “General.”

    Lay off the BLP Carson!!! It’s time for the real issues … like high and rising unemployment (lost jobs at 10,000 plus), steeply rising cost of living, every promise broken, poor leadership, rising crime etc. I challenge you to comment on those themes!

    By the way, while we are speaking about liquor, may I exhort you to pay some attention to The Deputy Speaker, if you are interested in HIS health? You most certainly will not regain THAT seat in any coming election whether “By” or “General.”


  40. @anthony. I am not going to get on your case. I believe that it is an excess of caution. However, I take your point and I suppose that if it was me doing the appointing or, on the other hand, being appointed, I would want there to be no possibility of a challenge, no matter how meritless. And believe me, as far as merit goes, there is none in the challenge. But I too must admit that I would prefer there not be a scintilla of question under the law. Most importantly, in the climate that now persists in the courts, I would not want to open any avenues to a challenge to be heard before the current crop of โ€œjusticesโ€ where there was ANY room for a politically-motivated adverse decision and open the whole three-ring circus of appeals. So, I will not be getting on your case.


  41. I thank you for not getting on my case ๐Ÿ™‚


  42. @David

    I beg to differ, I think Owen said he met with Thompson to discuss Simmonโ€™s appointment. Furthermore the Opposition can claim that they are not bound by any decisions that their former leader agreed to; as a matter of fact they could claim that is the reason they decided to change horses in mid stream


  43. @Sargeant

    That is the point!

    if the opposition has change course in mid-stream then say so and deflate the crap.


  44. @David. Right on! Just let them say so and don’t try to confuse the issue. But, of course, there is no political milage to be made if they admit to changing their party-political minds, is there. There is a Simmons-esque odour to the objection, I think.


  45. @ David

    What danger? Simmons came and went and there was no danger. Marston will be a political appointment as well and the outcome the same.


  46. @Enuff

    Certainly you can appreciate the point is about perceived conflict of the decision as far as Simmons goes. Regarding your other point went. Your point about Gibson being a political appointment that was debunked by the Sun article today which quoted Dale Marshall as agreeing to the fact the BLP courted Gibson as well for the CJ job.


  47. For the record Malaysia was part of the British Empire.

    It is a straw man argument that the objection to Mr Gibson’s appointment is that “It is being argued that someone whose cultural background is widely different to our own would be qualified over and above one of our own.”. This is fallacious if not devious. Why not say that a Barbadian trained at UWI and who has practiced in Barbados or a commonwealth country for over 15 years is superior to one who has not?

    By the way I wonder if anyone remembers Justice Telford Georges who born in Dominica? He was Chief Justice of the Bahamas (1984 -1989), Tanzania (1971 -1977) and Zimbabwe. I wonder if there were arguments in any of these countries that Justice Georges was not suited to be Chief Justice since his cultural background differed from that of the country in which he was to serve. Going in the opposite direction, it is noteworthy that the outgoing Chief Justice of Belize is Dr Abdulai Conteh of Sierra Leone.

    The issue is rather simple. Mr Gibson is not qualified to be Chief Justice under the present law. A more important but related issue is the manner in which judges are appointed. At this stage in our political development, the appointment of judges should be similar to that of the CCJ, that is, by way of a judicial and legal services commission and not at the discretion of the Prime Minister. Given the small size of Barbados it may be necessary to widen the choice of persons to those NOT from Barbados or even the region so as to ensure that judges who are impartial and possess the requisite skills, experience and legal knowledge are appointed. I hasten to add that I am NOT suggesting that any present member of the bench does not possess such characteristics.


  48. But, remember the adage โ€˜Justice must not only be done but be seen to be doneโ€™?

    That is why it is important to Change the law and appoint a CJ who does not live in Zone 1.

    An den de quarelling start.


  49. “….the Sun article today which quoted Dale Marshall as agreeing to the fact the BLP courted Gibson as well for the CJ job.”

    This is quite misleading and misrepresentation of what was printed. The only quote from Dale Marshall was:

    “I asked him if he had any interest in returning to the Caribbean and about his future plans. I did not approach him about an appointment to the bench. I asked him about his long-term plans, not about any appointment.โ€


  50. Sorry not the only quote. Quote about conversation with Mr Gibson.

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