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Submitted by Caswell Franklyn, Head of Unity Workers Union

The Saturday Sun of March 20, 2011, reported that the House of Assembly passed an amendment to the Supreme Court of Judicature Act just after mid-night. That amendment partly paved the way for Mr. Marston Gibson to become the next Chief Justice of this country.

The lead-up to the amendment generated a considerable amount of controversy, and I would have been interested in the debate. Unfortunately, it took place after my bedtime. Many persons in this country rightly expressed abhorrence when they realized that the amendment was being done to facilitate one predetermined candidate. Their abhorrence would have been more acute if they were aware that it is normal practice to change qualifications to enable the appointment of individuals, who did not make the grade.

This matter with the Chief Justice only came to light because the qualifications for that post are found in the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, and any changes would require amendments to that Act. On the other hand, in the Public Service, when Government wants to change the qualifications to facilitate a particular individual, the Minister for the Civil Service merely signs an order to amend the Civil Establishments (Qualifications) Order, which is generally done in secret. In most cases, public officers only find out about the changes when they are about to apply for a senior post or when they are overlooked for promotion.

By way of example, when a vacancy occurred in the office of Chief Marshal, the candidates required: “Approved qualification in Public Administration AND Para-legal Studies” among other things. The qualifications were changed by replacing “AND” with “OR” in order to facilitate the preferred candidate.

Now Government has spent a lot of time and goodwill to ensure that their choice for the office of Chief Justice meets the requirements of the Act, but does he, even with the amendments? The amendments which apply to Mr. Gibson’s case state, in part:

(2) A person is qualified for appointment as Chief Justice or as judge of the Court of Appeal who

(d) is qualified to practice as an attorney-at-law in Barbados and has practiced as such in Barbados, in some part of the Commonwealth or in a common law jurisdiction for a period of, or periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than, 15 years.

(3) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), a person is qualified for appointment under those subsections if that person

(a) has been qualified to practice as an attorney-at-law in Barbados for the periods specified in those subsections; and

(b) is a professor or teacher of law at the University of the West Indies or at a School for Legal Education approved by the Judicial and Legal Service Commission.

Even without the benefit of legal training, I can foresee problems trying to make this amendment apply to Mr. Gibson. Firstly, the amendment did not define the term “common law”. He is practicing in the New York, and the obvious question would be, is New York a common law jurisdiction for the purposes of Barbados law. The answer can be found in the Interpretation Act, Section 3 states:

Every provision of this Act shall extend and apply to every enactment whether passed or made before or after 16th June 1966; unless a contrary intention appears in this Act or in the enactment.

In addition, Section 46 of the Interpretation Act provides that the expression “common law” means the common law of England. Mr. Gibson is therefore not practicing in a common law jurisdiction that is recognised as such by the laws of Barbados.

Secondly, if Government was able to surmount the obstacle of England versus US common law: they would still find a problem because subsection 3 of the amendment act provides that the candidate would have been qualified to practice as an attorney-at-law in Barbados for periods specified in subsection (1) and (2), that is 15 years, and is a professor or teacher of law at the University of the West Indies. He was a teacher of law at UWI Cave Hill some time ago but clearly, he is not now in order to comply with the amendment act.

Whatever the outcome of my not so legal opinion, I expect some fancy statutory interpretation to make Mr. Gibson fit into the office of Chief Justice.


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  1. Caswell ya bad! If what you are saying is true then more confusion is imminent! I must do my own research into some of this. Maybe you can point me in the right direction.


  2. caswell

    I don’t think you have the section 3 part d correct. it states

    is qualified to practise as an attorney-at-law in
    Barbados and has practised as such in Barbados,
    in some part of the Commonwealth or in a common
    law jurisdiction for a period of, or periods
    amounting in the aggregate to not less than, 15 years.

    so even if he did pratice in the us it would count but only on the correct interpreation of the act which you have it stated to mean English common law. They hadda go back and do more amending if they want gibson appointed


  3. The law is also changed when it becomes necessary to fire as was the case for the post of Chief Electrical Engineer back in the early 1990’s.

    Seventeen years in court then followed!!


  4. The internet is a font of information. Had Mr. Franklyn taken the trouble to look-up Common Law he would know that the United States, like Barbados, was once a colony of England and like Barbados adopted the Common Laws of England?

  5. stars come out Avatar

    right on caswell.


  6. @ HG
    It is also a ‘font’ of MISinformation.


  7. @HG. Mr Franklyn has not bothered to look it up, because it would ruin his argument and fatally impugne his case. At least he has the sense to say that he is not a legal person and neither, in my opinion, is the person who formulated his case for him – or if they are, a refresher course in law seems a vital necessity.


  8. i wouldn’t be surprised if the govt put its foot in its mouth again. they run the govt like a political campaign. just say and do anything hoping that it would go unchallenged and if challenged resort to demonising tactics. no reasoning. no effort to think things through. political fluff at every turn. hence alt of constitutional and administrative blunders in ministerial acting appointments since mr thompson was in and out of office but except for ezra alleyne liitle hue and cry from the fourth estate. sometime time ago in an interview on radio, mr lowe said he is fit and ready to return to his job and as far as he is concerned is still the minister of drainage.is he? deafening silence from the party. i have not done any checks to verify caswell’s assertion yet but i wouldn’t be surprised if he is correct.


  9. to HG and Amused- you touched on the common law aspect. what about the issue ” is a profesor or teacher of law at the university of the west indies” caswell made the point ‘not was’. does the internet speak to this?


  10. @ruth arnetta. My contention from the first is that Chief Justice Gibson has held a license to practice law in Barbados for over 20 years. Thus, he is qualified for the post of Chief Justice WITHOUT any change in the law.

    The law has changed and Chief Justice Gibson has not only held a license to practice law in Barbado for over 15 years (which means he is deemed to have practiced law), he has also practiced law in a common law jurisdiction for over 15 years. Under the law, therefore, he s doubly qualified and his tenure as a lecturer in law at UWI is therefore irrelevant.

    I am advised that Chief Justice Gibson will be arriving within weeks to take up his post. The untenable posturings are over. There is no legal challenge, merited or meritless, to Chief Justice Gibson taking up his post and starting the uphill struggle to gave Barbados back the justice system of which it was deprived by persons and parties all of which we know.

    Now, this is unlikely to satisfy you or to remove you from your rickety and laughable soap box. But hey, what the hell, this is a democracy and it is your constitutional right to be a fool if you wish – and it is OUR constitutional right to laugh at you if we so desire – and on this issue, I am laughing.


  11. congratulations, Amused but remember- he who laughs last laughs the loudest as is the case now with the dlp’s handling of of the clico debacle and their inability to manage the affairs of the country properly.


  12. @HG

    Dale Marshall made mention of the point you have raised. He indicated the US is better described as a hybrid of a civil and common las jurisdiction.

    Noticed the Nation has given prominence to Caswell’s letter to the editor. This matter of the CJ’s appointment needs to be put to bed


  13. to david-would never be put to bed because of the slipshod manner in which it was done’- like a thief in the night. ever heard of the dictum”haste makes waste” the chickens would soon come home to roost.


  14. @ruth

    Perhaps you are correct because the discussing continues about the appointment of David Simmons. Although not illegal without a doubt an insensitive appointment of the worst kind.


  15. Why would one ignore the express meaning of the common law in the Interpretation Act for some fanciful bush law by Amused? Caswell has a good point!

  16. Caswell Franklyn Avatar
    Caswell Franklyn

    Amused
    Please read this slowly. You have completely missed the boat. I did not say that the US is not a common law jurisdiction. I said, for the purposes of the laws of Barbados, it is not. Our law clearly states that “common law” means the common law of England.
    United States cases are not decided based on decisions of the English courts. The two systems separated in 1776.

    Why would you think that someone formulated my case? Maybe it is because you judge me by your own yardstick, since you cannot think for yourself. Fortunately, right or wrong, I think for myself. Can you honestly say the same?

    Mr. Gibson is reported to be a judicial referee. I also checked the internet. Judicial referee are not necessarily lawyers: depending on the complexity of a case the judge might appoint a referee to deal with technical areas that are outside the judge’s competence. For example in complex financial matters, a judicial referee could be an accountant. The referee would hear the case and advise the judge of his opinion. In cases like this the judicial referee cannot decide the case.
    A judicial referee could be said to be practicing law for twenty years in much the same way as a policeman who goes to law school and qualify but continue to direct traffic for twenty years. Oh, by the way, I formulated that argument by myself.


  17. @Anonus

    We gone thru the arguments before. we said they need to change. amused said no. In the end they change them not to face court battles. This is another case where cracks in legislation may need to be dealt with again. I sure we have some people say nassua county is under common law while other say it hybrid. It boils down to a simple question. Is Nassau county a county which uses english common law or not. The answer would tell us if they going back to edit the amendment again or leave it as is.


  18. Look, Franklyn, you argue how you like. I done with this subject. I am happy to wait and see if you are right, or me.


  19. This is incredibly amusing.

    My Bajan brethren, some of whom may even have very high levels of education can’t seem to understand or are oblivious to the fact that the law is practised in a similar way in England, the USA and Canada.

    To continuously demand an exact interpretation of a Barbados law as a close derivative of English law makes no sense.

    Then there is the simplistic notion that a Barbadian with a Law degrees from UWI and the UK who then goes to practice in the USA and on occasion lectures at the UWI and who is a proven Scholar, cannot be a suitable Chief Justice of Barbados.

    Its is completely absurd that an INDEPENDENT country since 1966 can still be so tethered to the Colonial slave masters that some of the “people” cannot make a reasoned decision unless it is based it on close interpretation of the laws of “The mother Country”.

    Any uh wunna get invite to de royal weddin?


  20. Amused man you can done just so.

    You battin good good an now you runnin way from de sweet water duh bowlin bout hey?


  21. There is one state in the US in which common law is not used.

    That is Louisiana … according to wikipedia, and that is so because until the early 1800’s, Louisiana was French.

    A lawyer practising in the state of Louisiana thus practises under a different system to one who practises in other states.

    It would seem that one would have to be careful when making generalisations about the legal system in the USA in arriving at a general principle.

    Luckily Mr. Gibson does not seem to have practised in the state of Louisiana.

    I wonder what would have happened if he had!!

    Maybe I am misunderstanding the wiki “definition”.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law


  22. Why are you giving this looser, joker, cant-keep-a-job, political grasshopper so much leaver-age?


  23. @Hants. Comes a time when you can either let things take their course, or continue to provide attention to people with a lost political agenda. I would prefer to watch with great amusement as they try to engage someone – anyone – so they can continue to push their lost and dead agenda. I think it best to reserve my comments for something that is current (like the changes, as yet unstated, that Chief Justice Gibson has intimated he has in mind) rather than the fait accompli of his appointment. I support BU’s call to welcome the Chief and give him all our support.


  24. Without Favour: Let the truth speak. “Common Law”

    “The ancient law of England based upon societal customs and recognized and enforced by the judgments and decrees of the courts. The general body of statues and case law that governed England and the American colonies prior to the American Revolution.”

    “The Common-law system prevails in England, The United States, and other countries colonized by England. It is distinct from the civil-law system, which predominates in Europe and in areas colonized by France and Spain. The common-law system is used in all the states of the United States except Louisiana, where French civil law combined with English Criminal Law to form a hybrid system. The common-law system is also used in Canada except in the Province of Quebec, where the French civil-law system prevails”

    It is all over, based on “Law”.


  25. Amused;
    I enjoy reading your pieces on the MG situation but I did’nt know that you were also a mind reader as this extract from your post above suggests (my emphasis)

    “I think it best to reserve my comments for something that is current (like the changes, as yet unstated, that Chief Justice Gibson has intimated he has in mind)”

    Nice.


  26. @checkit-out. Go look at the interview that the Nation had with Marston Gibson the night vote on the Act was taken, just before the Act was taken. How would you interpret that? Seems to me that there IS only one interpretation. Please give us your thoughts, after you have read it.


  27. to david- insensitive yes- but not requiring a change in law to cover up incompetence. nevertheless, out of evil sometimes comes good, perhaps his first order of business would be to bring the facts relating to clico into the open no matter whose corns they mash.


  28. Amused; I recall reading the interview and I would be totally with you if you had referred to changes hinted rather than unstated changes intimated. But my point is not a serious one.


  29. @Caswell

    You have walked the halls next to former Chief Justice as a personal assistant when he was a politician.

    We believe you are familiar with the workings of the court and many of the officers who work in the registry and other departments whick make up the judicature.

    Would you say in your best judgement that the kind of change we need to bring needed change/efficiency to the judicature could have been done by appointing sitting judge?


  30. @ruth

    It was more than insensitive, it betrayed the tenet on which the independence is built, i.e. the appearance of separating the executive and judiciary


  31. A CJ with a background in a US jurisdiction should be like a breath a fresh air given the past.

    It would have been better, however, if fiddling with the law was not necessary to secure his appointment and had occurred proactively because it made sense instead of reactively because it was a necessity.


  32. I wonder what it is about Gibson’s appointment that people would examine every jot and tittle to try to disqualify him. Perhaps “Amused” is correct and he will shake up the system.

    @David

    So the author is a former assistant to the former CJ? (Am raising a quizzical eyebrow here)

    Hmmmmnnnn


  33. The cut and paste artists on BU must note that Wikipedia is NOT recognised as a reliable site for referencing in academia.

    @ David
    And what image does this impending appointment, given the amendment, portray?


  34. @enuff

    Wikepedia has shown to be sufficiently rigorous to support most arguments. BU is not an academic journal after all.

    We see Marston appoint appointment not conflicting with the tenet of executive and judiciary separation, more about ensuring an eminently qualified Bajan is given the pathway to do a job.


  35. Off topic ….wait man wif no name …..dis sound and look like a bajun up in your parts doing dixie and get caught. http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/email/www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12803014

    You know him? Man wid dat name he gotta be a Bajun! Eff he is, he needs to be castrated. He sounds like a real piece of work too.


  36. And eff he is a Bajun looka e gine get deported after serving time and we gine havta deal wid him. Castrate de bugger!


  37. @ Caswell March 23 4.32 p.m
    Based on your posting and what I have read on the internet wrt to a judical referee should one conclude that Mr Gibson (although he is well qualified on paper) has been a judge’s assistant for the last 10+ years? Please explain!


  38. @ David

    It is not an academic journal, but BU’s mantra is transparency and good governance of which facts and sound decision-making are key elements. If the insertion of ‘common law’ still raises questions regarding whether or not the US is a common law jurisdiction then the decision is not sound, and Wikipedia ought not to be a source to defend what appears a complex argument. Moreover, Wikipedia is “shown to be sufficiently rigorous to support most arguments” BUT not ALL!!!

    The separation of the judiciary and executive was the issue with the appointment of Simmons. The amendment of the law to appoint Mr. Gibson has also created a similar perception given the government’s willingness to accommodate him.


  39. @checkit-out. With respect – and I mean “with respect”, you are splitting the short and curlies and you know it and you are enjoying it. Good for you, so am I.


  40. @man wif no name……update de man is a Jamaican phew tank god he aint nuh bajun. Dem gine deal wid him when he get home. Lawd wat dese west indians comming ta dese days en Hingland!
    http://bajansunonline.com/accused-serial-rapist-takes-stand/


  41. @Sargeant. I did not know of Franklyn’s past and my eyebrows are now permanently through my almost non-existent hairline – which means they are on the bck of my head. I think the big fear is that CJ Gibson will do the job well and that others (and we can all guess exactly who those others are) will suffer by comparison. At least that is my hope and prayer. Something HAS to be done.


  42. This is wonderful…really.

    from Caribbean News>Prime Minister Kamla Persad Bissessar says her administration is in no rush to ditch the London-based Privy Council as Trinidad and Tobago’s final court even though regional countries have established the Port of Spain-based Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ).>>

    What a barrelful of laughs these Caribbean politicans are.

    Caribbean community what?! What a nonsense. Cannot do a fishing agreement in four years, cannot agree on a common court of justice.

    And people still think this is a community?

    One definition of madness is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.

    Actions based on ‘ideology’ will get the desired result in a textbook, but implementation is another ballgame, as we are seeing.

    Forty, almost fifty years ago, Jamaica and T&T told wunna to
    ‘sod off’ and they are doing it again.

    Y’all get it …YET?

  43. Caswell Franklyn Avatar
    Caswell Franklyn

    Watching
    Thank you! You seem to be one of the few that actually read and understood what I wrote. Thank you again for doing your own research. Where is the track record of judicial decisions and management of any court system that would tend to suggest that he is capable of managing the judiciary.
    As far as I am aware, you are quite right, Mr. Gibson is a judge’s assistant. I recall reading in the Nation that Mr. Gibson said that both the Democrats and the Republicans offered him a judgeship, but he declined because judges in that jurisdiction are elected and that elections are expensive. He would therefore need a benefactor and he somehow felt uncomfortable with that arrangement.
    He must realise that the current administration would become the very benefactor that he did not want in the first place.
    I do not know the gentleman but personally, I would be scared to be suing the Government and he were the president of the appeal panel.


  44. Caswell;

    Check the various threads about the Marston Gibson affair and you will see that I brought up the matter of MG being merely a judicial referee or judge’s assistant in New York on at least 2 occasions. No one responded to that point. It seems that it is a no-no on both sides of the fence.

    Am I correct in interpreting the slant you are giving the judicial referee thing is that MG is not qualified for the post of CJ here because, inter alia, he has not even been practising law for the last several years in NY and has merely been an assistant to a judge providing information to allow that judge to make legal rulings.

    Perhaps he has been providing legal education to the Judge he reports to and is thereby qualified for the CJ position on that score.


  45. A Barbadian with Law degrees from UWI and the UK who then goes to practice in the USA and on occasion lectures at the UWI and who is a proven Scholar, cannot be a suitable Chief Justice of Barbados ?

    Since you all suh brite, wunna know why Judges take a long time to render judgements?
    Wunna tink dat Judges have memorized all de law books?
    Wunna realise dat a Judge does read de law books to help he make a judgement?

    Gibson can read and he is one of Barbados’ brightest sons.

    I hope Marston Gibson will be appointed CJ.


  46. Caswell and Checkit-out thanks to both of you.
    Why would a Rhodes Scholar with a law degree and former law lecturer at Cave Hill settle for a job as a judge’s assistant for so many years?
    Here is part of the job description for a judicial referee.
    DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF WORK:
    Court Attorney-Referees act as special referees and research and analyze complex legal issues and questions raised in civil and criminal cases heard in trial courts or on appeal to certain County Courts and may be responsible for supervision of court attorneys and support staff who are located in one or more courts situated throughout a county, judicial district, or department.
    They serve in a confidential capacity and work with substantial independence from supervision in units located in the Court of Claims or special parts in the Supreme Court or in the County, District, Family, and Surrogate’s Courts in counties entirely within cities or in counties that have populations exceeding 400,000.
    ASSIGNMENT:
    The appointee’s assignment will be at the direction of the Administrative Judge and the Supervising Judge of Matrimonial and Family Courts for the 8th Judicial District. The duties will include assisting with matrimonial, family and other civil legal matters for the Supreme Court in the 8th Judicial District. Travel between several counties may be required. Candidates with practice and knowledge of Matrimonial and Family Court Laws are preferred.
    GENERAL INFORMATION: The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by persons assigned to this title.

    Based on this job description should we take the chance and install a judicial referee be our Chief Justice?
    If a company advertises for the Chief Financial officer should the company appoint someone who has a job description as a book keeper and holds an accounting degree?


  47. Lawyers from both sides of the political divide and not have lauded the credentials of Marston Gibson.

    The debate has moved passed this point.


  48. Mr.Gibson will shortly take up the post of Chief Justice of Barbados.Let’s see if he will dispense justice without fear or favour.Let’s see if the mealy-mouth wayward unscrupulous opponents—lawyers and politicians—will work with him and not try to oppose and frustrate him at every turn.Let’s also see if he will become a member of the ole boys’ network and the status quo ante or if he has “true character”.Let’s see if he brings change…change we can believe in….


  49. so Mr. Gibson is a glorified legal secretary.


  50. @lol

    Why do you feel you should trivialize this man?

    Have you not listened to many lawyers in Barbados admit Mr. Gibson lectured them at university?

    Does a secretary have that capability?

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