There was a time – and it still is for many – the popular management instruction was that the sole purpose of a business was to create shareholder value. For this reason financial institutions and others for decades have used this single performance indicator to determine the success of the business.

In recent years a more enlightened management theory promoted is that a company must balance the needs of ALL stakeholders which include customers, employees, suppliers and the community it serves. However from observation such a noble position is practised in the breech.

The bottomline is that business owners everywhere have expectations largely influenced by the size of the profit margin and all the flowery language in management text books will not change the thinking. Milton Friedman’s hypothesis that the only responsibility of a business is to utilize its resources to increase profits mindful of operating within the law is alive and well decades later.

In a COVID 19 world the operating and business models have been significantly compromised given the unprecedented prevailing environment. Very few companies have been unaffected. The sorry state of affairs can be confirmed in the local landscape by reviewing unaudited statements of accounts of public companies published to date. If local blue chip companies are failing to perform in the current environment what does it mean for small and medium sized businesses?

From all reports the most optimistic projection is that an effective COVID 19 treatment or vaccine will be available in early 2021. How the vaccine is distributed will then have to be prioritized. It may take several months for mass production to ramp up and distributed across the globe. The point therefore – when a vaccine is developed AND the time it takes to be distributed has implications for service and tourism dependent economies like Barbados.

At the last report Barbados is operating at 5% tourism traffic with 40 thousand unemployment claims reported to have been submitted to the NIS – the solvency of the scheme is content for another blog. The harsh reality is that in an environment of uncertainty business owners cannot effectively and effectively plan. Very few businesses after more than 10 years operating in a depressed market have access to the cash flow to ride out a protracted period of low sales activity. It means as a country we will have to find a way to stoke the circular economy. This will present a huge challenge given the fragile state of the local economy.

Surprising on an island that boast about the effectiveness of the tripartite arrangement. Head of the BCCI called out government this week. The Barbados Workers Union called out retail players. The Opposition parties and partisans to be expected are calling out government. The usual…

In this very challenging environment, Barbados continues to make good progress in implementing its ambitious and comprehensive economic reform program, while expanding critical investments in social protection. International reserves, which reached a low of US$220 million (5-6 weeks of import coverage) at end-May 2018, are now in excess of US$1 billion. All indicative targets for end-June under the EFF were met. The targets for international reserves, net domestic assets and the primary balance were met with some margin, which bodes well for meeting the end-September EFF targets.

IMF Staff Concludes Virtual Visit to Barbados

The parliament of Barbados is scheduled to resume on September 15, 2020 after prorogation. All of Barbados anticipate government’s strategy to lead the country in the short and long term will be made known when the Governor General delivers the Throne Speech. What this blogmaster knows is that once COVID 19 exist and global travel remains a trickle earning foreign exchange in the short to medium term will be impossible in significant amounts. A plan how we produce and consume must be high on the agenda. COVID 19 confirmed what many have been advocating for a long time. We need to fashion an economic model that is sustainable given the means of production located in our domain.

It is not all doom and gloom as the recent IMF Staff report concludes. We are meeting targets!

364 responses to “Barbados Economy… Next Steps”


  1. @ Greene

    There is no debate. We bury our heads in the sand and hope that God is a Bajan. Where is the discussion on the economy? Where is the debate about crime? Where is the debate about education policy? Where is the debate about social justice? Where is the debate about employment? Where is the debate about health policy? Where is the debate about housing?
    We shout and scream and throw verbal stones then we return to the rum shop and have another nip.


  2. Let me say that I know nothing about Economics although on my bookstand is a book titled “Economics
    Principles Problems and Policies” but I haven’t opened it in at least 35 years and it must be outdated although folks are still quoting JK Gailbraith et al but I am digressing in light of the problems that COVID19 has afflicted on our small island we are operating on the proverbial “wing and a prayer”.

    I am not about to propose any solutions but I’ve been reading that some US families are departing the country with their children because of the chaotic conditions and challenges with respect to the reopening of schools due to COVID19, here is where I believe that the Barbados Welcome Stamp could be beneficial, why not include the fact that the island has achieved great success in handling this virus to entice some of the folks to consider the island as a potential stop. If only we could get the Min of Ed and the various teachers Unions on the same page……sigh……


  3. @ Crusoe August 29, 2020 1:12 AM

    Thank you very much for your comment.

    In fact, OSA has set the course towards a banana republic because he and the unions have been responsible for excessive wage increases between 1995 and 2008. During that time, the foundations were laid for 12 years of zero growth. When the DLP came to power in 2008, the damage was already done.

    Soon the false call for wage increases will come again. I’m willing to bet on that. However, we need not only 10 years without a wage increase, but at least 25 years to correct the excesses under OSA. Of course, people don’t want to admit this, since almost all prime ministers have lied to them that prosperity follows education.


  4. @Sargeant

    At this weeks press conference the minister indicated the welcome stamp program is being tweaked as they go along,

    >


  5. Needed, …. A new set of Permanent Secretaries all under the age of 40.


  6. @Hal,

    lets wait for the Throne Speech which you can bet will be full of a lot of long talk, and promises made but never to be kept. but wait Covid is a disruptor and more so than ever we should absolve this govt of any blame for where we are and dispassionately debate the economy.


  7. @ Sargeant,

    There is an exodus from Toronto as people can work from home and some are selling their homes and moving to less expensive locations.

    Maybe some could be lured to Barbados to take advantage of the Welcome stamp and the management of Covid 19 by Barbados.


  8. Govt (Ministers) devise policies. Permanent Secretaries merely act to have technical officers (civil servants) carry out such policies given the law and the rules of govt.

    wanted 30 competent, honest, independent MPs who put the Country at the for front of their policies


  9. Needed MORE SUPERIOR SUPERIORS!
    Needed LESS SUPERIORS WITH BETZPAENIA!


  10. @ Greene

    The Queen’s Speech is on Sept 15. What do we do until then? Wait and see or wait for a miracle? We have had two years of failure, of BERT, BEST and BOSS; or bowing to the creole business class; of a minister of economic affairs whose silence on the economy is deafening; of a leader putting her ego before the nation; of a government that has gone on leave while the centre of the city, the heart of our nation, declines in to an even worse slum that 70 years ago.
    What has this government done over the last two years?


  11. @HA 10:25 a.m.
    A+
    @8:14
    The second half has me scratching my head. Surely you jest when you wish to include “the long term so k, those in prisons and mental institutions …”. I will (l works over here) agree that we can improve his we derive our statistics, but would ignore inclusion of the “recently died”

    To quote “M”, wheel and come again.


  12. David
    Of course it is systemic. Bezos is just a regular human being who was able, with some luck and skill, to maximize an opportunity.

    But for over 200 years we’ve known that capitalism was excellent at mobilizing capital but just as bad in avoiding the disparities it creates in so doing.

    As a result of Bezos’ hundreds of billions in personal wealth accumulation the devastation wrought on main street, all over the world, seems too high a price for the global society to pay – inordinate distortions.

    An organization like his should be subjected to the Mondragon model.


  13. Why the long wait?

    Private sector boss queries delay in major projects

    [caption id="" align="alignnone" width="760"] Edward Clarke. (FP)[/caption]

    By Colville Mounsey Chairman of the Barbados Private Sector Association, Edward Clarke, is concerned about the time it is taking for several key construction projects to get off the ground, even though Government has identified the sector as a catalyst for economic recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    In an interview with the Saturday Sun, he contended that since Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley announced her $2 billion stimulus package back in March, in which the construction industry was heavily factored, there had been very little activity in the sector, while unemployment numbers continued to climb upward of 40 per cent.

    Clarke said he was especially worried about the slow pace of infrastructural projects, as frustration was rising among many laid-off workers whose unemployment benefits were on the verge of ending.

    “I am sure there are a lot of projects still in the pipeline . . . but I am sorry that a lot of them have not started as yet because I was hoping it would reduce some of the labour force’s unemployment numbers. It is not a case of swapping out from one industry to the next, but it could be a swap of breadwinners in a household.

    “We are still hopeful that construction will take off because we need to get some of the bigger projects going, especially the infrastructural projects. We really need to see those moving,” he said.

    In addition to monies earmarked through the stimulus package, a further $140 million in fiscal space was created for capital works projects through the Barbados Optional Savings Scheme (BOSS) programme.

    Clarke said the private sector had started some initiatives but those were not enough to give the economy the boost it needed.

    “It is very concerning to us. Some projects have started within the private sector but a number of them are moving slower than we would have liked,” he said.

    “I would like to see more of the Governmentplanned projects get off the ground. Maybe some are still awaiting approvals because I understand that construction is a slow, tedious, long-winded process and you have to have everything in place in terms of contracts and finances.”

    On Thursday, deputy general secretary of the Barbados Workers’ Union, Dwaine Paul, said that contrary to Government’s plans to energise the sectors, construction in Barbados appeared to be on the decline, with several firms making plans to cut staff.

    Paul revealed that Jada and Preconco, two of the more active firms, had engaged the union on layoff talks. He said the prospects of those firms going through the year with their full staff complement intact were very bleak.

    Why are key construction projects taking so long to start? asks chairman of the Barbados Private Sector Association.

    Source: Nation Newspaper


  14. Dont expect nothing of substance coming from the Throne speech but a melodrama twisting and turning of words about BOSS and the new policy of COCA ( Come one come all) fondly know as visitors working stamp an idea which is evolving into which Caricom nationals are looking for work in barbados
    A limp idea which barbados technology cannot support because of various reasons


  15. @ Theo

    I am not sure if your intervention at 10.54am is meant to be part of a debate, or just a cynical remark. I will pay it the respect of assuming it is part of the discussion.
    Are you saying that people in prison should not be accounted for in unemployment figures? Or those inn mental institutions? Or those in hospitals? Who else would you omit?
    I will ignore your stupid reference to the recent dead. It is the kind of remark that comes from a certain kind of Bajan mind.


  16. There was growth under OSA, and no growth under the last DLP government. Truth is in his last term, OSA approved some projects that were horrible ideas including Kensington Oval Redevelopment. The problem of projects having YES committees can be clearly seen in the Kensington Oval Redevelopment project when the YES committee said basically that the legacy of Kensington was one of a cricket stadium instead of being a multi-event stadium. It was a highly flawed idea that has lead to putting millions of money into a poorly thought out project. A new cricket stadium would have been a better idea while giving the BFA access to Kensington as their home ground. However nasty politics played and we ended up with a lot of wasted money and a white elephant. Too many people involved in projects like the above mentioned were tricksters and were looking for how much money they can get out of it. We have a bunch of these tricksters that always seem to be called in when big money projects turn up. The list of failed projects that have had these tricksters as part of them is long and spans both parties’ terms.


  17. @DavidAugust 29, 2020 11:12 AM

    Why does everything take so long? LOL.

    The answer is very simple and obvious, but hurts national pride and the common narrative: because our administrative machinery is much too big and we have 30000 saboteurs as civil servants. There is no bigger racist institution in Barbados than the administration: it sucks the black masses as taxpayers like Count Dracula used to suck the Romanian farmers. It prevents the black masses from becoming free entrepreneurs and instead lures them into the civil service.

    If Presscott and our BLM activists were not such pathetic hypocrites, they would protest against the social deep state. It is the main reason for 12 years of zero growth.


  18. AGREE WITH YOU ROVER!


  19. Today we have an article about a subject the man from england thinks we are to be discussing on every post, every day.

    However, he have no new insights to bring to bear on this earth-shifting, tectonic, socio-economic situation.


  20. @Pacha

    You have summed it up in a simple sentence. All we can do is asked decisionmakers to do the job. Citizens it is true must be aware and be relentless to hold officials politicians\accountable.

    >


  21. politicians come to the people around election time. the party may submit its ideas in the form of a manifesto. they get elected sometimes based on those ideas. are you saying that people should develop ideas and a way forward for those so called politicians to take up when their own ideas fail?

    is it the role of certain certain to feed the govt ideas? i am not sure i understand these two last posts


  22. @ Pachamama August 28, 2020 5:30 PM
    You can’t get over the fact, our PRIME MINISTER the Honorable Mia Amor Mottley, Attorney QC, is our first female to hold the highest office in our great land. She was also our first female attorney-general. I’m surprised you didn’t jump off the swing bridge when she took office on May 25, 2018. De BLP Government was elected by de people for de people.
    You need to take your narrow disingenuous cynical Humanoid self back to your place of creation before it’s totally assumed by de CCP.

    JOHN KING, you need to pay Humanoid a visit and replace de main circuit board with (MM-BLP) model.


  23. @ David August 28, 2020 8:20 AM
    Your words are appalling
    “There will always be the dull and the ignorant walking among us” (ignorant) It’s often deemed as one’s perception of the other, as it relates to knowledge on specifics (uneducated, discourteous, rude). It’s a loose word. I guess everyone has an opinion, fact or fiction. You are one of de privileged and fortunate ones “😂”


  24. Why is sit that every attempt to discuss economic policy drifts in to politics, and more than that, party politics?


  25. Because there are no differences. For it has always been a political-economy, 11 plus boy.


  26. “11 plus boy”
    My last year of primary education ended on my Grandfathers inherited plantation in St. Lucy.


  27. What’s Needed for
    BARBADOS ECONOMIC RECOVERY

    The Problem:

    Barbados has become a one industry economy, almost exclusively dependant on TOURISM, and their dollar is pegged to the USA dollar. This has been problematic in the recent 10 to 15 year timeframe as the local economy relied more on IMPORTS and local PRODUCTION dwindled to essentially nothing. The countries’ socialistic philosophy coupled with unrealistic POLITICAL MANAGEMENT has put the GDP of the country in an un-sustainable financial situation. The latest GLOBAL issue is the COVID 19 Pandemic which has thrown the entire world economies into a RECESSION from which there is limited recovery ideas. Wealthier jurisdictions has some degree of flexibility to try and spend their way out of the recession, however developing and third world countries are basically stuck between a rock and hard place. For Barbados this is further exasperated by the fact the country declared SOVERGIEN FAILURE some 2 years prior to the COVID 19 and took a BAILOUT PACKAGE from the IMF. This situation is resulting in BARBADOS being stuck on the shitter without any toilet paper.

    The Solution:

    The initial requirement is to get the SPENDING significantly reduced and a LONG TERM FINANCIAL PLAN in place and  implemented such that down the road in say 15 to 20 years the expenditures will be matched by the revenues. 
    

    This LONG TERM FINANCIAL PLAN will have to address a number of THORNY ISSUES –

    • Currency devaluation, &
    • Significant reduction in the GOVERNMENT employment (civil service and SOE’s), &
    • Temporarily if not permanently suspending Labor Unions, &
    • Standard of living, (free education, housing, medical, retirement{NIS}, etc &
    • UNEMPLOYMENT and how its addressed, &
    • Increasing PRODUCTIVELY away from the Tourism Industry, &
    • Implementing sustained Agriculture so country provides at least 75% of the food it consumes.

    These are a number of HUCULERIAN Tasks which will result in significant PAIN & SUFFERING for the general populace, business community and most important for the GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE as its now implemented.

    As the saying says – NO GAIN WITHOUT PAIN.


  28. “it is not true that Pachamama had anything whatsoever to do with this instrument of social transformation being erected in front of Jeff Bezo’s house.”

    lol..

  29. Vincent Codrington Avatar
    Vincent Codrington

    @ Hal Austin

    If one is sick,dead or imprisoned one is not willing to or seeking to work. Therefore one cannot be counted as part of the labour force. Concomitantly, one cannot be counted among the unemployed labour force.

  30. Vincent Codrington Avatar
    Vincent Codrington

    @ David Bu
    @ WURA

    Pacha has been on record in the BU household for promoting such extreme measures for solving the problems of recalcitrant members of the political class. I am not surprised his name was called as a provider of such an instrument. We can only hope he is not the manufacturer. He will be the object of a citizen’s arrest. pending extradition.


  31. Waru
    You know that this writer tries to see the future, above all else. And has been long forecasting that that instrument would enter the scene, sooner or later. And there have been others elsewhere over recent years.

    Of course, we have been maligned by some squeamish persons on BU about our contentions that “the old lady” will arise from her slumber at some point. Our detractors seem to have no real memory of the cultural history which they pretend to belong to.

    We are at a pivotal moment in world history and levels of chaos unknown previously are likely.


  32. Vincent

    LOL


  33. Our tourism industry are in serious peril. Yes, Agriculture is a resource we need to tap yesterday. The airline industry not looking good for the future: New Covid-19 Layoffs Make Job Reductions Permanent
    As companies brace for years of pandemic-related disruption, thousands of furloughed workers are told they won’t be coming back. MGM Resorts International and Stanley Black & Decker Inc. recently told some employees furloughed at the outset of the coronavirus pandemic that they wouldn’t be put back on the payroll. And companies bringing back the majority of furloughed workers, including Yelp Inc. and Cheesecake Factory Inc. , are making reductions as they adjust to the new reality that many coronavirus-related closures won’t be resolved this fall.
    More fresh layoffs at big employers loom. A day after Salesforce.com Inc. posted record quarterly sales, the business-software company notified its 54,000-person workforce that 1,000 would lose their jobs later this year. Coca-Cola Co. said Friday it plans to lay off some employees and offer voluntary buyouts to about 4,000 employees in the U.S. including Puerto Rico as well as Canada. American Airlines Group Inc. and United Airlines Holdings Inc. have said more than 53,000 workers could be affected in about a month if the airlines don’t receive another infusion of funds from the government.

    (Wild Coyote) on point

    “• Currency devaluation, &
    • Significant reduction in the GOVERNMENT employment (civil service and SOE’s), &
    • Temporarily if not permanently suspending Labor Unions, &
    • Standard of living, (free education, housing, medical, retirement{NIS}, etc &
    • UNEMPLOYMENT and how its addressed, &
    • Increasing PRODUCTIVELY away from the Tourism Industry, &
    • Implementing sustained Agriculture so country provides at least 75% of the food it consumes.“

    The wait period is over mate. We have to move our bloody asses.


  34. @Hal
    “I will ignore your stupid reference to the recent dead. It is the kind of remark that comes from a certain kind of Bajan mind.”
    😀😀
    I must point out that I ignored the last sentence.

    Yes, I do not believe that we should count prisoners or those in mental institution amongst the unemployed. Nor would I count prisoners among the employed even though prison labor is one of the cheapest forms of employment.

    You reached too high and fell short. Rather than ignore me or defend your position you displayed your Bajan condition.

    I realized that that this exchange will go nowhere and therefore you may have the last word.


  35. I read the comments above and those of Clarke at the private sector about a ” return to economic activity” and find one thing lacking in ALL of these comments and its this. AT WHAT LEVEL OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE YOU PLANNING FOR?

    IF you think you returning to precovid levels wunna smoking too much “vegetable matter”, as the police like to call it. So lets have a realistic discussion based on this. CAN THE BARBAD0S ECONOMY EMPLOY ADEQUATE AMOUNTS AND EXIST ON ANNUAL REVENUE THAT IS 30% SMALLER IN THE SHORT TO MEDIUM TERM?

    All the nonesence talk and pompasetting does not address this. We as a people must however do this, as all indicators are pointing at even a 30% decline being a conservative figure in the short to medium term. For clarity this speaks to the period between 6 months and 2 years from today.


  36. @ Vincent

    Of course it is difficult to tell if some Bajans are working or dead, according to @Tron. Seriously, sick and unemployed people are counted among the unemployed.
    But what is the logical reason why prisoners cannot be added to the figure. As things stand, only people ACTIVELY looking for work are counted. Have you ever heard of prison industries? It is like saying people in prison cannot (should not)| vote.
    As I have pointed out, officials are always looking for new ways of omitting the unemployed from official figures, from so-called housewives to the disabled and then there is the magic cut-off number at age 65. Increasingly people over the state retirement age, especially the self-employed, are working. It is all mumbo jumbo.
    All this confusion started in the 1970s with how to combat stagflation, which put an end to the Keynesian consensus and witnessed for the firs time the tightening of monetary policy. This has also led to a radical analysis of workers as prey and capitalists as predators, of the prevailing orthodoxies.
    It is the mathematics of this we are now talking about, the lumpen proletariat, what Marxists call the reserved army of labour, whether they should be counted in official figures.
    This hidden labour force is called upon in times of emergency, such as war. Remember during the Second World War when the men went to war it was the women who kept the farms and factories working. Until then they were not considered to be actively looking for work. Women have not returned to the kitchens since.
    Interestingly, these hidden workers all still count as consumers. Economics urgently needs an intellectual renewal and we can start with the reality facing us. I suggest you have a read of Anwar Shaikh’s book Capitalism. I say, count them all in.


  37. My poor little brain cannot see a way out of this one in any hurry. Everything is so interrelated there is going to be a ripple effect outwards.

    I suggest that the unemployed try to grow some food or many will be unable to eat.

    What is the government doing about that? I am doing my own thing and I have also decided to back Heather Cole in her attempt.

    My brain is not designed to solve this kind of economic mess.

    I will do my little bit in my little corner.

    And pray that others are better equipped.

  38. Vincent Codrington Avatar
    Vincent Codrington

    @ John A at 3:00 PM

    Any level of economic activity is acceptable. We are like a household using up our savings to survive. The buffer of Foreign Exchange Reserves will cover any activity that requires foreign inputs. That is the purpose for which they were borrowed….BOP support, not so?
    As I have said several times before, the domestic economy is within the ambit of our control…including publicly produced goods and services. I think the PSA Chief Executive should speak to his members and encourage them yo get their projects off the ground, in stead of looking to GOB sponsored projects for the stimulus.

  39. Vincent Codrington Avatar
    Vincent Codrington

    @ John A

    It does not matter whether the economic activity is long term or short term. The Bu Household had come to the conclusion that there has to be a change in the structure of the Economy. Each activity should be aimed at achieving that objective. Use this time as the tipping point. We are wasting the opportunity to put the vision in place.


  40. @ vincent

    I agree with you and the PSA also needs to ask themselves the same question. How can we make our businesses sustainable with sales down 30% a year?

    This is where few seem to be focusing. Everyone seems caught in the present and of the belief this will blow over. Tourism depends on the domestic market in the source market. I suggest people start looking at the challenges in our visitors home economies as well.


  41. lol..Pacha, anything is possible at this point in time..

    https://youtu.be/iL-kf5oQaDQ


  42. @ Vincent

    I think people need to read between the lines of Professor Howard’s comments and grasp the reality of what he said.


  43. Vincent…i actually back Pacha on this one, the level of corruption and criminality showed against the majority populi who have to fund everything and everyone on the island and have for centuries cannot be overlooked and ignored..

    you have Cow stealing tens of millions from the pension fund and the treasury but refused to pay in one day of NIS contributions for the Black employees, he stole that money too, for himself….and both governments helped him rob their own people when he should be in handcuffs for stealing and refusing to pay in any contributions……..

    one of his workers drops down dead ON THE JOB, condolences to the family, and there is not a penny of NIS contributions to bury the man after he worked for that scum Cow for 30 years and the same applies to every Black person on the island working for la basura calling themselves the private sector…, the family has to GoFund to help bury him, so I agree madame le guillotine should be used on all of them…they have all committed those crimes against the people for way over 3 decades///…

    the economic crash is simple math…they are now LIVING ON DEBT….largely thanks to the thieves in parliament and the private sector, none of that can be refuted, when there is that much debt..there can NEVER BE ANY GROWTH.. and with their backward way of thinking, tourism, …dead….financial services…..dead, yet every day that is all these jokers keep talking about because their low intellect does not allow room for anything else….and everyone is just watching them SINK..


  44. Donna
    There’s no need to feel inadequate. The people who should know, and were seen as such, are in no better a position, i can guarantee you.


  45. Wrong and strong… the Bajan condition
    https://theoutline.com/post/955/why-we-exclude-prisoners-from-the-unemployment-rate

    It is a little more complicated than we are discussing, but I believe they should not be counted. But this is a very small point. I doubt the number of prisoners would change the number of unemployed by a percentage point.

    ‘Furthermore, the employment status of prisoners is “murky,” Bowler said. Prisoners may be employed in a structured work program and may even earn more than a nominal wage, but they don’t participate in a competitive environment the way other job seekers in the civilian labor force do.

    “We’re trying to get at people who are actively seeking and available for work, and a prisoner’s situation is very different from that,” she said.’


  46. So govt paid 45million for the 33 buses
    High price at a time when unemployment is high and capacity volume is low
    Isnt this a case of shoot first and asked Questions after
    How in God’s name does govt expect to make any profit margin on these buses sufficient and enough to fund labour and maintenance cost


  47. Hal AustinAugust 29, 2020 1:00 PM

    Why is sit that every attempt to discuss economic policy drifts in to politics, and more than that, party politics?

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Because the two are intertwined.

    We have a pseudo fascist system.


  48. …. an unholy alliance between economic and political forces!!


  49. Pacha

    I do not feel inadequate. Just stating a fact. My talents lie in other areas. I could tell them a few things in normal times but this one is too big for me.

    Vincent seems to think the borrowed foreign exchange is enough for now and it is just our domestic economy that needs urgent attention. That is a small comfort.

The blogmaster invites you to join the discussion.

Trending

Discover more from Barbados Underground

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading