The following comment inspired the blogmaster to expand the focus on data collection and discussion about the COVID 19 pandemic. Thanks to @Lyall@Amit

Blogmaster


David; re. your 4:41 am post;

You are correct but I have indeed considered that cohort of the population.

The reason that the US experts are beating the drum for testing, testing and more testing is to get a handle on what proportion of the general public has been compromised by the virus in any way and has left its signatures in body fluids including blood in the population. The virus is shed from the infected body as the disease is brought under control. When it is controlled it has been found that it takes around 7 days for all particles to be shed from the body. Infected persons are released back into the community when they test negative twice over a period of 2 days.

Barbados, like all of our island neighbours, did or does not have access to large numbers of tests and had to use what we had very sparingly. Thus, the only measure that we had for gauging the incidence of the virus in the population (and a very imperfect one, at that) might be by comparing the evidence of infection levels hinted at by a comparison of the graphs of the progress of the various Covid-19 outbreaks in our Islands.

Most of the world was in the same position as the Caribbean and used the data obtained by the minimal testing of infected people and their contacts and their contacts to produce the graphs we see on such sites as WHO and Worldometer etc. All these graphs give an imperfect picture and significant underestimation of infection levels in the county or country in which the tests are carried out, but, since they are carried out in the same way in each country they might provide some rationale for guesstimating the comparative levels of the infection in various groups of countries.

The data shows that, starting out at essentially the same levels, there was some divergence in relation to the rate of infection and therefore progress of the various outbreaks in various countries. The graphs for Barbados showed low and declining levels of infection from the beginning, peaking at the level of 13 positive cases per day and thereafter showing a slowly declining trend. The individuals who would have contributed to the declining trend would have been primarily from the contact testing but should also have included other individuals referred by Health professionals or who presented themselves to Government institutions because of concern that their symptoms might point to untimely death due to the dread Covid-19.

Amit, in an earlier post on this blog, reported on his initiative of graphing Covid-19 incidence over weekly periods throughout the epidemic, in several Caribbean Islands. If David thinks it is appropriate and Amit agrees I can post a subset of graphs clipped from his data for 6 Caribbean territories which I think could illustrate some of what I have presented above.


Covid 19

There was 1 more positive case announced today as well as 1 death. A slight uptick of the daily cases line is indicated in the graph by the blue line. The total cumulative number of positive cases from the tests carried out yesterday is 76 – Llyall Small

COVID 19

Attached is the updated C-19 graph for 2020-04-23. There were no additional positive cases from yesterday’s tests and therefore cumulative positive cases remain at 76 – Lyall Small

covid10

covid12

Two new positive cases were identified from yesterday’s tests. There are now 5 cases of contacts with a previously identified individual. The 5 cases are workers from a Government Institution. Tests are ongoing today (25 April 2020)Lyall Small

Covid11

Updated graph for 26 April 2020. No new +ve cases were found. Cumulative count is still 79 – Lyall Small

covid13

There was one additional +ve case identified today (27 April 2020) from the last tranche of NAB workers moving the cumulative total cases to 80. The graph is still essentially trending downwards – Lyallsmall

Covid-Cumulative 1
Graphing Covid-19 incidence in several Caribbean Islands – Source data: caribbeansignal.com

3,454 responses to “COVID 19 UPDATES”


  1. What we may be watching is BAMP’s words of warning about allowing in tourists appearing in the numbers.

    We are testing two populations, one from abroad with a high incidence of COVID and the other local with a low instance of COVID.

    If you look at the UK tests in a day and compare it with the number of positives what do you get?

    Looks like the UK did 1,729,757 tests between yesterday and day before.

    They got 140,377 positives.

    Their positivity ON AVERAGE is a bit less than 10%.

    If all the 2,488 positives were tourists, then we would expect on average 249 positives.

    Which means the our positivity has to be several orders of magnitude higher.

    Lets say half of the tests are tourists from the UK.

    Then we would expect 124 cases are tourists.

    Which would mean 567-124 = 443 are local which is 443/1244 X100 = 30 to 40 %.

    I would say alot more of the positives were tourists and alot more tests were conducted on them.

    Until the GOB separates imported cases from local cases the numbers are pretty meaningless.

    I think the local population is in good shape.


  2. Do I support welcoming tourists to our country?

    Sure enough.

    They are not going to be living in areas where sewage would be a problem for much if any of our water supply.

    So they are not going to contribute significantly to community spread.

    Given the hell on earth they are experiencing in their own countries I think we should open our doors and welcome them to Barbados … a kind of retreat.

    Of course we should be seeking to benefit economically from the exchange.

    Our turn will probably come later this year.

    So make hay while the sun shines.


  3. Here’s how you know it is the tourist population that is skewing the numbers.

    All countries involved in tourism have rises at the same time.

    They need to separate the cases, imported vs local.

    I have no problem as I have said before with welcoming tourists!!

    https://imgur.com/4N156ID


  4. If you compare the UK, the major tourist market for Barbados, with Barbados you will see how the UK influences Barbados COVID cases both last year and this year.

    The spike last year and this year started about the same time, last week in December/first week in January.

    Our surge after the floods of Hurricane Elsa is apparent between September and December.

    I’ll stick my neck out and predict if we have floods to affect our water supply now, the ensuing surge will be much larger than the one towards the end of last year.

    Hopefully by the time our rainy season happens, we will be over our tourist induced spike.

    It is a risk worth taking once we understand to lock off the cock on Spring Garden immediately after any flood in that area.

    We can control the surge once we understand its cause.

    https://imgur.com/AzJJCpv


  5. Looks like our testing and that of several other tourist destinations in the Caribbean are picking up the characteristics of the populations from which the tourists derive. Suspect the majority of tests is on tourists but no way to tell for sure as imported cases are not separated.

    So anything can happen with numbers of positives until we get out of the tourist season or the GOB separates the two sets of cases in their data.

    By all means take them seriously but realise it is likely that the majority of the Barbadian population will not come into contact with the positives.

    For me the important number will be the numbers of residual cases when the rainy season begins. I’m just hoping for now that we don’t get any floods as I don’t know how many locals are infected or where they live.

    Kind of makes a mockery of all the hoo haa over “SAFE PLACES” and vaccine mandates for hotels if the guests themselves are testing positive.


  6. John;

    Those Caribbean charts are beautiful. Very Interesting!

    But try Occam’s razor. nuh!

    There are nuggets of wisdom in your work on floods but I think that water and flooding are likely to be merely background noise with little influence on epidemic mechanics. Try excluding them as major factors in the development and spread of the epidemic and work from there. You have mathematical and other skills that could be very beneficial in the eventual development of rigorous models on the development of pandemics.

    The good fit between Visitors bringing the virus at around the same time frames to each island and therefore the similarity in the start and shape of the waveforms is obvious in your charts for each of the Islands. Thereafter, the development of the outbreaks and major spikes are probably controlled by;
    – The initial number and distribution of infections
    – How well the spread is managed
    – The agressivity characteristics of the variants involved
    – The existence or otherwise of vectors and the pathways for connecting the virus with susceptible persons.
    – The susceptibility / resistance of the hosts to infection – degree of immunity etc.
    – The strength and enforcement of the protocols and the degree of citizens’ adherence to them
    – Environmental factors affecting the host and the virus. e.g, sunlight hours, temperatures, etc.
    – The country’s Population density, Festivals, Major meetings, freeness to congregate, etc. etc,.

    The above list is not meant to be exhaustive. I just listed them as they came into my head.

    The UWI models are mere mathematical tools to shoehorn a large number of weighted factors into a predicted number or numbers that defines what the epidemic will look like sometime in the future and are very useful in planning various aspects of the reaction to the epidemic. They are at this stage merely math exercises with fairly wide degrees of error. But the numbers you have been projecting for the past week nor so are basically opinions or guesstimates only. There is no justification for calculating the number of future daily infections from the number of tests done. Get away from the trumpian logic that it is better to do fewer tests as that gives rise to fewer infections. That superficially appears to be true, but the independent variable that is important is the number of infections, not the number of tests. As I understand it, everyone whose sample is sent to, or goes to a testing site is tested. The number of tests done is therefore a resultant of likely infectious samples delivered to the Labs. The samples are not random ones and therefore likely underestimates the number of infections in the population.

    When a new variant with very different characteristics to existing ones arrives, the guesstimates become even less descriptive of future epidemic realities. Propose a range of numbers, nuh!


  7. John; I think that the startup and other characteristics of the Covid-19 waveforms in most of the Caribbean Islands essentially reflect and propagate the dynamics of the pandemic that would have started in larger closely aligned trading partners, including the dynamics between the variants as a newer more competitive one supplants the older one. But of course local factors do have some influence as well.

    I think that the various variants drive the pandemic around the world moreso than other factors. Understanding the characteristic shapes and amplitudes of the Variant waveforms and their interrelationships is key to understanding the Covid-19 epidemic. Your references to the shapes of the pandemic above are therefore important as they illustrate the fact that no country with trade linkages with the rest of the world can escape a pandemic.


  8. The only thing I believe that needs to be understood is how the virus gets from host to host.

    Water as far as I can determine is the key.

    The virus on its own can go nowhere, it has to be transported.

    Western Australia with no floods can’t have a handful of cases while the rest of Australia with floods has in excess of 630K if the means of travel is not water.

    That is the simplest piece of empirical evidence that seals the deal and explains observations in all other countries.

    It can’t get simpler than that.

    The rest of countries in the world which for the past two years have been on a roller coaster ride of surges some even before any variants were found are further confirmation, icing on the cake if you like.

    Regarding the startup similarities, all that is happening is two populations are being sampled and one has alot more positives than the other.

    All we are doing is rediscovering the characteristics of someone else’s population.

    How is a positive counted when a tourist gets his or her test in order to return home?

    “All unvaccinated travellers to the UK must complete a passenger locator form, and take an LFT or PCR in the 48 hours before departure. The test can be taken either in the country where you start your journey, or in another country en route to the UK.”

    There are alot of tourists needing to be tested before they can return home.

    You can get the proportion of locals actually being tested from the number of seats available and the total number of tests done.

    How many flights to the UK in a week and how many seats on each flight?

    That population has little bearing on the local population.

  9. NorthernObserver Avatar
    NorthernObserver

    @Hants
    Flooding as in tummuch rain or burst pipes? What causin’ de pipes/joints to buss?


  10. Hants

    Remember, the QEH suffered routine outbreaks of COVID among its kitchen staff and I said that it was in the Southern Corridor close to sea level so likely to get some of its water from the desal plant.

    https://barbados.loopnews.com/content/qeh-kitchen-closes-after-12-employees-test-positive-covid-19

    Unlikely that water from there will make it up the spring Garden Highway but if you hear some of the staff fixing the burst pipe came down with COVID don’t be surprised

    I don’t think they will though because by now the contamination has passed trough the plant done its deed already.


  11. Meanwhile, over in not so sunny England, even the dogs coming down with COVID symptoms from just walking on the beach.

    https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/warning-as-hundreds-of-dogs-fall-sick-after-beach-walks-on-yorkshire-coast/ar-AASHSeB?ocid=msedgntp

    We all know the beach is associated with water, both runoff from the land and the sea.


  12. From what I see in my reading about the water in the UK I don’t even know where to tell them to start.

    Best I could suggest is don’t use the water.

    Find an alternative, beer, cider ale or whatever.


  13. The Best-dos Santos Public Health Laboratory identified 516 new COVID-19 cases – 243 males and 273 females – from the 2 403 tests carried out on Tuesday, January 11.

    The new cases consisted of 87 people under the age of 18, and 429 who were VOTING age 18 years and older.

    https://www.nationnews.com/2022/01/12/516-new-covid-cases-january-11/


  14. https://barbadostoday.bb/2022/01/12/barbados-records-516-new-covid-19-cases/

    2403 people were Covid19 on Tuesday 11 January 2021. Of that number 516 tested positive=21.4%

    167 people showed up for their first vaccine on Tuesday.

    13 vaccine clinics are open in 7 parishes.


  15. Their deaths bring the number of casualties from the viral illness to 268.


  16. Ontario will deploy internationally educated nurses to hospitals and long-term care homes facing staffing shortages due to COVID-19.

    https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/ontario-will-deploy-internationally-educated-nurses-to-hospitals-dealing-with-staffing-shortages-1.5735340


  17. Ontario Strains on the health-care system caused by the Omicron variant are increasingly seeing paramedics off sick or tied up with patients on stretchers in hospital emergency rooms.

    3,448 people are now in hospital testing positive for COVID-19, which is an increase of more than 200 people in the past 24 hours.

  18. de pedantic Dribbler Avatar
    de pedantic Dribbler

    @Lyall, re your post that “Your references to the shapes of the pandemic above are therefore important as they illustrate the fact that no country with trade linkages with the rest of the world can escape a pandemic.”

    A pandemic or more to the point THIS pandemic but although that’s accepted as scientifically irrefutable your colleague’s graphical wizardry is all about arguing the thesis of WATER moving the virus from host to host.

    He accepts no other meaningful tranmission method and refutes any valid argument that potable water should NOT contain problematic concentrations of the virus.

    An uncrossable bridge.


  19. If the virus was being spread by potable water there would have been a related rise in other water borne diseases. There is no evidence that this has occurred or is occurring.


  20. You must have missed the bit about vomiting and diarrhea and the rise in hepatitis deaths world wide as per WHO.

    Hants I thought simplified it nicely too!!

    Not going through the rehash!!


  21. HantsJanuary 12, 2022 6:16 PM

    3,448 people are now in hospital testing positive for COVID-19, which is an increase of more than 200 people in the past 24 hours.

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Sounds like more so called experts with egg on their face?

    I was reading one earlier who predicted England may be out of COVID before Europe.


  22. de pedantic DribblerJanuary 12, 2022 6:25 PM

    @Lyall, re your post that “Your references to the shapes of the pandemic above are therefore important as they illustrate the fact that no country with trade linkages with the rest of the world can escape a pandemic.”

    A pandemic or more to the point THIS pandemic but although that’s accepted as scientifically irrefutable your colleague’s graphical wizardry is all about arguing the thesis of WATER moving the virus from host to host.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    If the tests are conducted on peeps from countries which have the COVID then no surprise some positives are found.

    Unfortunately our Government in its wisdom prefers not to let its citizens know how many of the positives are imported.

    Probably because it knows most of its own peeps are too fragile to accept that fact and are essentially xenophobic so would be unable to realise that the pros of keeping the economy open outweigh the cons.


  23. 2403 people were Covid19 on Tuesday 11 January 2021. Of that number 516 tested positive=21.4%

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    How many were tourists having their mandatory tests before travelling back to the UK or wherever or tourists who were developing the COVID before they ever travelled and their test in their home country missed it.

    Unless the GOB separated imported cases from local ones the numbers are useless.


  24. One of the ways British Columbia will contain the outbreak of COVID after flooding!!!!

    Pure common sense or they listening to me!!!

    https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2021HLTH0205-002215


  25. Brazil on the other hand has gone ballistic.

    Have to admit I am yet to see a rise in COVID cases that can match this one and I’ve been looking at them for a while, country by country.

    Terrible floods.

    https://imgur.com/7X3A6Sy


  26. … and then I went and looked at the Philippines after their typhoon in December.

    https://imgur.com/03dTZMt


  27. Now go into the Southern Hemisphere and more specifically the higher latitudes for the continent of South America.

    Here’s what the data looks like for South American countries other than Venezuela/Guyana/Suriname/Cayenne.

    Go look at floods in these countries.

    https://imgur.com/40vYb6q


  28. Like it getting worser.


  29. @John

    When are you going to get to the big one? Yuh know the one with a man called Noah and his Ark.


  30. Recent events ‘not the cause’ of surge

    by SHERIA BRATHWAITE sheriabrathwaite@nationnews. com
    THE COVID-19 MONITORING UNIT is assuring Barbadians that the recent surge in COVID-19 cases is not attributed to any particular event within the past few weeks.
    Director Ronald Chapman told the DAILY NATION yesterday that while the Omicron variant was highly contagious, there was no evidence to suggest the cases were connected to any Old Year’s Night events or political meetings.
    “The incubation period is anywhere between two to five days so if persons who would have been ill were associated with those (Old Year’s Night) events, it would not be counted now. Those persons would have been ill before; we would have seen those cases maybe around January 7,” he said. “But the thing is we know we have Omicron and despite any particular event, what we anticipate, in terms of the rise of cases, is just what is happening.
    “So this is nothing over and above what our projections have already indicated. I have no evidence to prove that anybody who would have been ill on the 7th were a part of any large number of cases from anywhere.”
    He said the current cases were very much in line with what researchers had forecast at the start of 2022.
    Chapman, who is Deputy Chief Environmental Officer, said people should stop trying to associate blame to an event and realise that the number of cases is due to the contagious nature of the new variant.
    “People need to stop doing witch-hunts. Look at the United States. There aren’t any particular events there right now and they are seeing about 150 000 cases per day. England is at about 200 000 cases per day. This is Omicron; this isn’t Alpha and Delta like how it was before. This is a completely different animal that is far more infectious.
    “Again, there is no evidence of any particular event which is contributing to the cases. It is that we have Omicron and Omicron has shown in other jurisdictions
    to be highly infectious. Our estimate is what you are seeing now and it is keeping with our projections.”
    Chapman added that his officers who were stationed at all of the Old Year’s Night fetes did not report any breaches.
    During a national press conference last week Wednesday, the University of the West Indies’ George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre predicted that in a worst-case scenario, a six to seven-week wave, Barbados could be faced with a COVID-19 surge peaking at 3 500 cases daily.
    In a shorter wavelength of just over a month, the prediction was 1 200 cases per day at the peak.
    In the first two weeks of the year, Barbados has reported more than 5 000 new COVID-19 infections from increased testing conducted by the Best-dos Santos Public Health Laboratory.

    Source: Nation


  31. Clarke: Bajans lining up for booster shots

    BARBADIANS are heeding the call to come out in their numbers to get their third vaccination shot.
    More than a week ago, joint coordinator of the National Vaccination Programme, Dr Elizabeth Ferdinand, urged individuals to make getting their booster shot a priority and also pleaded with the unvaccinated to at least get their first shot, which could still offer a first layer of protection against contracting COVID-19.
    Her call came as forecasters had projected a significant surge in cases due to the Omicron variant of the virus. The number of new cases has increased and so have the amount of people presenting for first and third shots.
    On Monday, hundreds turned up at the Ministry of Health’s testing and vaccination site at Queen’s Park, just outside The City and steady numbers continued Tuesday and yesterday.
    Major David Clarke, joint coordinator of the vaccination programme, said yesterday they were glad to see Barbadians again coming out to take advantage of the four vaccines the country has to offer.
    “We are certainly seeing the general public coming out to get vaccinated, especially the boosters. And for first doses, people are slowly coming. So we are increasing a little bit every day,” he added.
    Clarke said they were also seeing increased numbers in people getting their second shots, which would make them fully vaccinated under Ministry of Health and Wellness guidelines.
    Barbados has seen a strong surge of COVID-19 cases in the New Year, with more than 5 100 being discovered in the first two weeks.
    “The largest group of people coming to the vaccine centres are those coming for boosters. I believe it is as a result of people who are already vaccinated making sure they are protected,” he noted.
    The National Vaccination Programme had been severely affected last year by industrial action taken by a number of nurses, which led to some centres not opening. Ferdinand said an effort was being made to keep as many centres open while the country is dealing with the current surge of new infections. (BA)


    Source: Nation


  32. What is going on over there in Canada, eh?

    Quebec may soon tax unvaccinated

    QUEBEC – Quebec, Canada’s second most populous province, is planning to force adults refusing to get COVID-19 vaccinated pay a “health contribution” in a move likely to spur a debate about individual rights and social responsibility.
    Premier Francois Legault told reporters at a briefing that the proposal, details of which were still being finalised, would not apply to those who cannot get vaccinated for medical reasons.
    Unvaccinated people put a financial burden on others and the provincial finance ministry is determining a “significant” amount that unvaccinated residents would be required to pay, Legault said, adding that such an amount would not be less than C$100 ($79.50).
    Governments globally have imposed movement restrictions on the unvaccinated and few have levied fines on the elderly, but a sweeping tax on all unvaccinated adults could be a rare and controversial move.
    While such a tax could be justified in the context of a health emergency, McGill University medicine and health sciences professor Carolyn Ells said, whether it survives a court challenge would depend on the details.
    But Ells expressed surprise that the government was taking such a “dramatic” step now, when options such as further expanding vaccine mandates remain.
    Provinces across Canada are tackling an exponential rise in COVID-19 cases that has forced tens of thousands of people into isolation and burdened the health care sector.
    The highly transmissible Omicron variant has made it difficult for restrictive measures to curb the spread and health experts have stressed the importance of getting double and tripled vaccinated.
    Quebec has been one of the worst-hit, regularly recording the highest daily count of coronavirus cases of all provinces and having several thousand health care workers off their jobs.
    “The vaccine is the key to fight the virus. This is why we’re looking for a health contribution for adults who refuse to be vaccinated for non-medical reasons,” Legault said.
    Legault said that even
    though the province has about ten per cent unvaccinated people, they account for about 50 per cent of those in intensive care units.
    Legault and his CAQ party face a provincial election in October.
    On Monday, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that the federal government had secured enough COVID-19 vaccine doses for all eligible Canadians to receive a booster as well as a fourth dose.
    Last month, Quebec said it had “no choice” but to allow some essential workers to continue working even after testing positive for COVID-19 to prevent staff shortages from impeding its health care services. It has also imposed curbs on gathering.
    (Reuters)

    Source: Nation

  33. de pedantic Dribbler Avatar
    de pedantic Dribbler

    @David, what’s going on is the same ‘maverick’ leadership seen … in the state of Florida, in Brazil, in the Phillipines over in France, here and ALL over.

    Of course some draconian measures are pro vax just as some are anti vax … but on the matter of leadership it shows the same basic principle of forcing the designated strategy of the administration’s will.

    Anyhow, let’s focus for a minute on the statement “Last month, Quebec said it had “no choice” but to allow some essential workers to continue working even after testing positive for COVID-19 to prevent staff shortages from impeding its health care services” and couple that with US CDC’s guidance which reduced isolation time for their health workers to five days from 10 (as I recall) …. then juxtapose that with OUR local authorities suggesting that there were no safe practical methods to get citizens testing positive with Cov19 to vote!!!

    The point: ‘where there is a will, there is a way to get the task done’!

    If positive health care workers can be properly masked etc and get back on the job quicker it’s absolutely obvious that others can be properly handled to be allowed in and out of a polling site to vote.

    Leadership, Will and BS … sometimes they can seem so synonymous !


  34. @Dee Word

    When the decision was taken by the PM and communicated to confidants in smoke filled back rooms, challenges posed having general elections during a pandemic should/would have been discussed.

    The rest is left to our active imagination final decisions made.


  35. Quebec may soon tax unvaccinated

    QUEBEC – Quebec, Canada’s second most populous province, is planning to force adults refusing to get COVID-19 vaccinated pay a “health contribution” in a move likely to spur a debate about individual rights and social responsibility.
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    The Quebecois can’t have much sense.

    It’s in their water which the municipal authorities supply and for which they are already taxed!!


  36. Sarge

    Just stating the facts!!


  37. DavidJanuary 13, 2022 5:24 AM

    Recent events ‘not the cause’ of surge

    by SHERIA BRATHWAITE sheriabrathwaite@nationnews. com
    THE COVID-19 MONITORING UNIT is assuring Barbadians that the recent surge in COVID-19 cases is not attributed to any particular event within the past few weeks.
    Director Ronald Chapman told the DAILY NATION yesterday that while the Omicron variant was highly contagious, there was no evidence to suggest the cases were connected to any Old Year’s Night events or political meetings.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    So tell us about the imported cases.

    How are they accounted for?


  38. DavidJanuary 13, 2022 5:25 AM

    Clarke: Bajans lining up for booster shots

    BARBADIANS are heeding the call to come out in their numbers to get their third vaccination shot.
    More than a week ago, joint coordinator of the National Vaccination Programme, Dr Elizabeth Ferdinand, urged individuals to make getting their booster shot a priority and also pleaded with the unvaccinated to at least get their first shot, which could still offer a first layer of protection against contracting COVID-19.

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    One patient, three Covid-19 infections: An exception that’s becoming more common in Spain
    Bernat Coll 1 day ago

    “I don’t know of another case like mine,” says Bruno Polo, a young Spaniard who tested positive for Covid-19 in an antigen test taken before his planned Christmas Eve dinner. In October 2020 and in the summer of 2021, he also caught the coronavirus. “I must have the record for infections now,” he says. He doesn’t, but he is close. Last week, the Catalan health department reported a person who had been infected four times.

    Bruno Polo, who contracted the coronavirus three times, in Barcelona.© Carles Ribas (EL PAÍS) Bruno Polo, who contracted the coronavirus three times, in Barcelona.
    The case of the 21-year-old Polo may be the exception now, but it is likely to become increasingly common. Experts warn that reinfections will increase due to the fact that the antibodies lose effectiveness over time and that the omicron variant of the coronavirus partially evades the protection provided by Covid-19 vaccines.

    Polo spent Christmas Eve alone at home, where he lives with his mother and older brother. He felt well, he didn’t have any symptoms and he ate a traditional Italian meal that his father had left by the door. In his head, he wondered if the test result was accurate, especially since the second line that indicated a positive case was only faint. To Polo, who was fully vaccinated and had recovered from two previous infections, it seemed like a bad joke.

    His brother, a medical student, put him in contact with a doctor who confirmed the reliability of positive results from antigen tests. “The problem is the false negatives,” the doctor told him. In an antigen test, the brightness of the second line reflects the viral load of the test. In Polo’s case, the faint line indicated that he had a low viral load of the virus. To confirm the result, Polo tried to get a PCR test at a medical center the next day. But he was told that under Spain’s current protocol, these more accurate tests are limited to symptomatic cases in order to reduce the strain on the primary healthcare system. He tried to get tested at a private lab, but he says waiting in line would have taken hours. In the end, he gave up. “I had to accept the third positive and being confined to a room for seven days.”

    During the self-isolation period, he occupied himself with books, video games and his studies, but he was still frustrated. This was not the first time he had missed out on festivities due to Covid-19. In October 2020, he tested positive a few days after coming into contact with a coronavirus case, although he had no symptoms. The fact that he was asymptomatic made him question whether Spain is detecting the true spread of the virus. “I have taken tests out of a sense of responsibility and from those, I discovered two out of my three infections,” says Polo. “But there are people who haven’t done this and who will never know if they were infected before.” In the summer of 2021, he had tickets to fly to Milan but was unable to travel after testing positive. “The second case was the worst,” he says. For three days, he had a very high fever of 39.5 degrees Celsius.

    There are people who haven’t taken tests and who will never know if they were infected before

    While cases like Polo’s are still the exception, experts warn they will become increasingly common. The Spanish Health Ministry and most of the regions – which are in charge of their healthcare systems, Covid-19 vaccination drives and coronavirus restrictions – do not offer data on reinfections. In Catalonia, however, the health department estimates that 2% of all detected cases in the region since the beginning of the pandemic have been reinfections. In the sixth wave currently affecting Spain, the figure is even higher: up to 5% among the over-50s and up to 8% among the under-50s.

    Pere Domingo, the Covid coordinator at Sant Pau Hospital in Barcelona, says there are two main reasons for reinfections. “Either the virus is mutating or a person’s immunity is falling, and in this wave, the two factors have coincided,” he explains.

    Domingo points out that the antibodies gained after recovering from the virus start to drop over time, while the omicron variant is able to partially escape the protection of Covid-19 vaccines during the infectious period. “With these factors, transmissibility increases,” he says. Scientific studies, however, confirm that vaccines continue to prevent serious cases of Covid-19. In Catalonia, the health department estimates that in 2021, vaccines prevented between 10,500 and 13,500 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and between 7,500 and 10,000 deaths.

    While it may seem scientifically sound to assume reinfections are more likely to affect people with a weak immune system, this is not always the case. “When you are infected once, your defenses have a certain specificity for each variant,” says Domingo. “And omicron shows it is more capable of inhibiting these very defenses.” This is supported by data from the Catalan government: of the 28,400 people who have had Covid-19 more than once in the past two years, 15,230 (53%) were reinfected with omicron, which became the dominant strain in Catalonia two weeks ago.

    “Reinfection is not solely a question of the immune system, but rather of luck with respect to the relations in our social circle,” says Domingo, who knows of another person in Polo’s situation. “A young woman was also infected three times and there is nothing that justifies this immunologically. That’s why the mutation of the virus carries such weight, because her system was perfect.”

    English version by Melissa Kitson.


  39. So if it wasn’t the old year festivities up in the ground keeper’s gap in Endor, it must be the water!!

    After all, the football season saw huge crowds at stadia around the US and no spikes.

    https://english.elpais.com/society/2022-01-04/sixth-coronavirus-wave-in-spain-continues-to-spike-with-record-372000-new-cases-registered-over-new-year-weekend.html

    Could be the impact of our “trading partners” on our data.

    Just tell us the truth.


  40. Just look at West Australia and you will see Ohmicron/ohmigod is toothless there.

    Put Australia and South America together.

    https://imgur.com/gEYsH12

    These are two Continents.

    On one, Australia, there is absolutely no problem in one half!!

    It can’t be ohmigod, we are being lied to at worst or fed a line by people who do not understand what is going on at worst.


  41. South America, North America, Australia and Europe, four continents, are identically affected by COVID… except that West Australia, half of one continent is not.

    The Omicron narrative can’t be supported by the evidence.

    https://imgur.com/JDbTBV0


  42. Same logic applies when the MOH says most of the cases are in the southern corridor in Barbados!!

    The solutions are staring us in the face.

    Instead we get more fairy tales!!

    https://barbadostoday.bb/2021/09/18/bostic-majority-of-covid-cases-concentrated-on-southern-corridor-in-urban-areas/


  43. @David
    What is going on over there in Canada, eh?
    ++++++++++++++++
    It’s a big country and each province makes up its rules when they fall under their jurisdiction. The writer missed the part (previously announced) where Quebec residents require vaccine passports to enter liquor and cannabis stores with effect from Jan.18 (in effect a ban); presumably they can still enter local convenience stores (Depanneurs) to purchase beer.

    There is some stubborn resistance against COVID vaccine among a segment of the population ( I have a nephew in Quebec or more accurately the wife’s nephew) who is unvaccinated, but the Gov’ts action has spurred many people to get their shots and only the hard core will hold out.


  44. John; You wrote above
    “So if it wasn’t the old year festivities up in the ground keeper’s gap in Endor, it must be the water!!” and,

    “South America, North America, Australia and Europe, four continents, are identically affected by COVID… except that West Australia, half of one continent is not. The Omicron narrative can’t be supported by the evidence.”

    The Omicron narrative is definitely supported by the evidence. Indeed, the Covid-19 Operations manager here, Mr. Chapman, seems to be endorsing my position that it is indeed Omicron which is the main factor in the current wave.

    None of your numerous charts point to water, None! Instead they ALL show that the onset of the new major December / January waves coincide with Omicron variant onset and upsurges. All presumably backed by isolating that variant from infected persons. In addition, your numerous charts all provide additional consistent corroborative proof that Omicron indeed became ascendant in all these countries in the same time frame. Occam’s razor says that there is no need to invoke water.

    There is therefore absolutely no necessity to invoke contaminated water (with no demonstrated pathway) as the only possible agent facilitating or causing the December spikes / waves in many countries. The insurgencies by the Omicron variant at precisely the same time slot that you have shown, in several countries around the globe, is sufficient to fully explain the onset and the initial, strong resultant waves which are likely to decrease as host populations develop immunity and other new variants gain ascendancy.

    I would however like to join your call of requesting that the authorities disaggregate the data on number of imported cases from the daily totals.


  45. All of the continents or parts thereof have had floods.

    Contaminated water supplies are just a natural follow on from severe floods.

    The parts thereof which have not had floods have not experienced contaminated water supplies so have not had Omicron spread, delta spread, mu spread, alpha spread or another variant which can be made up..

    Ergo, omicron and all the various made up variant names cannot be contagious on their own but needs a means to be spread to households.

    Even on our miniscule scale here in Barbados the very fact that one water distribution area had most cases and those cases occurred following a the floods after Elsa and later on is enough to prove what the means of spreading the Delta variant or whatever variant.

    And it came straight from the mouth of the Minister of Health, I did not make it up, just like the numbers which are displayed graphically came from impeccable sources, I did not make them up either!!

    We have had the means to solve this in our hands six months ago.

    The GOB is effectively saying micron/omigod is not spread by person to person contact nor is it airborne.

    So what are we left with?

    https://barbadostoday.bb/2021/09/18/bostic-majority-of-covid-cases-concentrated-on-southern-corridor-in-urban-areas/


  46. If it isn’t airborne as per the GOB, not waterborne as per lyallsmall what else is reponsible and since the virus can’t move on its own, then it mussee de mosquiters and fleas.


  47. “The exception that proves the rule” is based on the Latin phrase “exceptio probat regulam,” a legal principle that can be used to argue the following: if exceptions are made under specific conditions, it must mean there is a rule that applies when those conditions are not in effect

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    All I’ve done is divide four continents with problems into halves and produce 8 pieces of evidence to study.

    One of them is different, the exception.

    That proves there is a rule that applies to the other 7 halves.

    That is clearly floods!!

    The exception of West Australia has proven the rule.

    Contaminated water supplies are a natural consequence of severe floods.

    ERGO, KNOX’S COVID LAW.

    It’s the water.


  48. What the GOB has done is to say to Boris Johnson, we don’t think you did anything wrong keeping a party.

    Keep another, let go some fireworks and drink some rum.

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