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Submitted by Pachamama
Picture Courtesy of www.presstv.ir
Picture Courtesy of http://www.presstv.ir

The recent devastating and unusual weather in the Eastern Caribbean represents the latest manifestations of the effects of human induced climatic disruptions that will only get worse. It should be fairly clear by now that these new normal weather events, in scale and scope, are equal opportunity harbingers of dangers which will leave few on earth unharmed.

We have had extreme weather events from places like New York, the Philippines, Iran, England, China, Russia, Turkey and most world countries. Whether earthquakes, unusual flooding, hurricanes, tropical storms, hail storms, snow storms, tornadoes, cyclones, or droughts, Pachamama seems determined to correct a human imposed environmental imbalance, like she has done several time before. We must avoid this great โ€˜shaking offโ€™. For her actions are most likely to be felt by small, resource poor, island states which are seemingly on their own in confronting her massive power.

In this regard, Pachamama seems to have no notion about a democratic or equitable distribution of pain and suffering. For anecdotally, she seem to inflict her flurry on developing countries, disproportionately. Countries like Tuvalu, Saint Vincent, Saint Lucia and Thailand. Countries that had little to do with the massive and increasing postindustrial emissions of greenhouse gases. Small island states have benefited little from this most recent phase of human activity which Westerners like to call โ€˜civilizationโ€™ as given us by the British.

The Western powers at the recent COP19 meeting continued to evade their responsibilities for creating the threat to all living things. They continue to disregards old targets which they had agreed to, make new demands from lower emitters, demand that developing countries carry a disproportionate burden for Western emissions and renew their refusal to provide resources to ameliorate the effects of climate change as caused by their actions. The targets set over the last 20 years have all been exceeded. We are now pass the 450 parts per million which the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) had laid down as a tipping point. Yet the Western economic model remains addicted to fossil fuels. While shielding their oil and gas companies from a proper international scrutiny, these extractive industries are indeed expanding operations into new revenue streams, such as fracking, despite inherent dangers, current and as built up since the Industrial Revolution.

As if these challenges to human existence were not enough, the โ€˜developedโ€™ world has recklessly lurched into more generalized and self-destructive behaviors. Pachamama has been made to watch as โ€˜humansโ€™ invest more tens of billions of dollars to upgrade nuclear arsenals; attempts to control whether (chemtrails) as an instrument of war; employ genetically modified organisms (GMO) in a frontal assault on nature; enabled the progress of desertification; poison the waters of the world; through ice cap melting, released billions of tonnes of gases into the atmosphere and genetically polluted all living creatures.
The innocence of world is left to pay with their lives for the sins of a few global oil and gas companies. Companies that have inordinate control over the political masters we elect. This control prevents media, for example, from connecting the disasters in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia to the revenue streams of Mobil, Shell, the Simpson Motors group, Chevron, Exxon or the Russian state-owned company, Gazprom. These criminal and interlocking relationships were clearly seen during the handling of the devastation in the Gulf of Mexico, as caused by Mobil, by a feckless and uncaring Obama administration.

On the personal, we have had some of our most pleasant moments in the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, over many years. Our hearts and pocket books should, at this time, be opened to correct a problem that we have caused. Not only in Saint Vincent but in Saint Lucia as well. On the geo-political level, we are again calling on the people who benefited from the slave trade, in these islands. The same people who now benefit from the destruction of mother earth through their extractive industries for an exercise fairness. We are demanding that they bow to the unlimited power of Pachamama and do justice to the people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia, and to do so today.


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100 responses to “Climate Change and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia”


  1. @ Mark Fenty,
    Mr Fenty, you are the very first to have accused me of such since I have been contributing to this blog. I must state that no where in that piece did I behave in any gutter language. As a rule, I stay away from debates about religion. My business partner is a reverend/christian and have been my close friend since 1964 (fifty years of genuine friendship). I hope that you will understand that I am not very welcoming of getting into personal back and forth. David can attest to this, in his capacity as the head of this blog. That being said if my comments have indeed offended you or any of my blogging colleagues, I sincerely apologise.


  2. Nice to see this piece gaining some traction. The biggest threat to Barbados’ future is not the current debacle, re:foreign exchange but the way we build, eat, live , etc. our current trajectory is on point to health, and environmental disasters. We are already the amputation capital of the world. We have not yet been able to get our one public hospital managed effectively , in good or bad economic conditions. Our coastline is disappearing; tons of garbage in our gullies; vehicles that pollute our lungs every second. Non communicable diseases affecting citizens not yet in their late 20’s. We could go on and on. It is imperative that the points being raised here be given full ventilation. We are on a course that will devastate our island state if the care of the environment and proper emergency services/communication are left to function in a mindset of the 1930’s.To put it bluntly: Barbados is an environmental accident waiting to happen.


  3. @Willaim

    What it is; we have become fat and lazy and therefore negligent about these kinds of things. Unfortunately it will take a hit to create the kind of thinking necessary to get our heads in the game.


  4. @ David

    We beg to differ. Even the spectre of ‘a hit’ will not cure this social malady in Barbados or elsewhere!


  5. BAJANS ARE JUST DOCILE -LAZY–CRISIS -REACTIONARY MFs


  6. @ David
    It begs the question what is the value and purpose of our disaster relief organization.

    There you go again …playing you don’t know the answers to your own questions (What a blog master!!) ๐Ÿ™‚

    1 – Jobs for the boys and gals who could never find gainful employment otherwise, but who are party faithfuls

    2- The international organizations need to see a structure in place – else they won’t give a cent

    3- Um is easy work…. Mostly not doing one shiite, and only occasionally having to go on TV or radio to embarrass themselves.

    The sweetest part though David are the things we call the DEOs (District Emergency Organizations)…. These are designed on the premise that we will never have a serious disaster.
    …think bout here sweet nuh?


  7. @Bushie

    The media practicioners are usually embedded at the emergency centres, you are saying they have not been able to discern the deficiencies you have posted?


  8. David knows that full well Pacha.
    What hit what?!?
    So do we have fire exits in town now? – post Campus Trendz?

    Wunna know how EASY it is to pass off EXCUSES for non-performance to brass bowls?
    …we waiting on Town Planning…who waiting on Health…
    …we didn’t have the money…
    …the bus was late
    …government took too long
    …the rain was falling
    … I had a headache
    ….Bushie stopped off by Islandgal… ๐Ÿ™‚

    …it is just a brass bowl thing…..


  9. LOL LOL. Ha Ha
    MEDIA PRACTITIONERS???? !!!
    …like who David…?
    …call a name man….


  10. David Ellis, Stetson Babb, Emanuel Joseph, Roy Morris, Peter Thorne and co


  11. Tomorrow night instead of the usual New Year’s Eve or Old Year’s Night, as Bajans would say, parties we might want to start celebrating with End of Earth parties instead. We known Noam Chomsky and have been trying for some time to convince him how grave the two problems that he recently highlighted are. Not that he was totally unaware but he was more optimistic that these problems could have been solved. That he has now brought his considerable intellect to bear on these matters should be instructive.


  12. @ David,
    All we need to do is accept that ALL of us have played a part in what is happening now. My DLP/BLP friends and yes me as well in the NDP camp. In order to save ourselves from the emerging political/ environmental/health crisis , we must be politically and intellectually honest. For example we knock the public servants but do we recognise that the traditional/white corporate elites are sophisticated beggars? We talk about motor cyclists keeping noise but do we ever question the impact of our own neighbours playing their stereos loudly all day and nite? We talk about the youth drinking and smoking herb but what about political meetings during elections and under age boys and girls being given free alcohol? We talk about transparency in public life. Why dont our gay parliamentarians and other high flyers come out of the closet and join the HIV/AIDS cause and defend our gay community against constant attacks by those who commit crimes against gays and harass gay people?. Where are our gay lawyers in the struggle for equality?
    Yes David we may be eating wrong and not exercising enough or not properly disposing our garbage but our real crisis is a very deep hypocrisy which we must now all fight against.
    We either swim/float together or drown/sink together!


  13. It amazes me the credence that individuals give to the power that humans can create as compared to the vast power that Mother Earth has naturally at her disposal.
    Mother Earth over eons,with out the the help of the humanoid has cooled and warmed herself with the help of her buddy the Sun.
    The human species by its activities cannot affect this planet,they can only destroy themselves.


  14. @Just Asking
    Why would you use an Absolute to describe the collective Bajan organism? Now, even though I agree with you to some extent, you ought and must not use an Absolute to characterized any group of people. Because in doing so, you’re actually doing a disservice to those elements that aren’t party to such conduct. Believe me, I understand where you’re coming from but there are obviously exceptions to the general rule that you ought to take into consideration.


  15. @Vincent

    Is humanoid connected to Mother Earth?


  16. Word of caution for those of us here: we ought to think about our thinking, before we endeavor to express our opinion. Words as you well know, have a proclivity to cause psychological as well as emotional paralysis in some who aren’t in full command of their mental faculties.


  17. David, Charles Darwin’s, Natural- Selection/ Survival of the fittest / Evolutionism has all but lost its credibility in the world of academia.


  18. David…..that is a good question…to which I do not have an answer….nor anyone else for that matter…..you have to define connected….
    The known believed facts are that Earth is 100s of billions of years old,had innumerable ice ages and asteroid hits during that period and was inhabited at various stages by creatures that no longer exist.
    The known believed facts on the Humanoid is that it appeared around a quarter of a billion years ago at the ending of Earth’s last ice age,experienced some asteroid hits and evolved into what it is today.
    We can proceed to speculate as much as we want from these believed facts.


  19. @Vincent

    What is not speculation is that the grand designer of Mother Earth created the humanoid for a reason. The emphasis is to be places on designer.


  20. David, you would be glad to know that Grand Designer of Mother – Nature, is our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Don’t let anyone fool you brother, because Jesus is and have been the answer.


  21. we can speak about the “great designer ” whatever or whoever he ; she or it maybe ,one thing is for certain that the earth continues to evolve as we speak, for whatever mans throws in its way so far the earth has been able to handle . one thing for sure nature is committed to getting all things in natural order…..can say the same for man .


  22. Reality check. Our neighbors are hurting.

    http://www.trust.org/item/20131230160647-0jqg7/?source=hppartner


  23. ac waxing philosophical —LOL


  24. Mark Fenty | 30/12/2013 at 1:43 pm | Reply

    @Just Asking

    Why would you use an Absolute to describe the collective Bajan organism? Now, even though I agree with you to some extent, you ought and must not use an Absolute to characterized any

    THAT IS HOW WE SPEAK
    UNDERSTAND OUR CULTURE PLEASE
    I HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO SAY SOME WHEN MAKING SUCH STATEMENTS BUT IN MAKING THE STATEMENT , IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS.

    A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF BAJANS ARE SUCH, THEREFORE I CAN GENERALIZE TO THE WIDER POPULATION . IT IS ALSO ACCEPTED REGIONALLY AND LOCALLY THAT BAJANS ARE SUCH
    DOCILE .

    REMEMBER THE DOCILE OBEDIENT SLAVES WERE TAKEN OFF THE SLAVE SHIPS AT BARBADOS AND THE ROWDY ONES SENT FURTHER ALONG THE ISLAND CHAIN–AS FAR AS —-JAMAICA -LOL —


  25. the question should be ‘WHy are our neighbours hurting” aren’t we supposed to be the most intellectual of the species.. ? don;t we have all the latest and newest inventions known to man, then the question is why is there so much suffering,,,,,,,,and who brought it upon ourselves,,,,,,,,even with climate change nature still feels our pain and steps in ,to make all the necessary corrections.,,,


  26. David….you are presently speculating that their is one designer and said designer did Earth and Humanoid…..


  27. Interesting article don’t you think?

    A video made by a man from North Dakota shows him cautiously holding a lighter up against the stream of water coming out of his tap, prompting large flames to rise up into the faucet. North Dakota has been home to a fracking boom over the past few years.

    http://rt.com/usa/flammable-water-dakota-fracking-023/


  28. Well the government is about to sign of on a plasma gasification plant to generate 40MW of electricity. Wow this is overly ambitious as Light & Power current peak output is 4 160MW. Thus we can expect to be paing more for garbage v collection as somebody has to pay for the garbage to be imported. Expect more cancer deaths and mysterious ailments to increase as no organization in Barbados test for particulates such as pm2.5.


  29. @ Kammie Holder
    We have not looked at this technology in recent years but seem to recall it had some problems.

    What do you want to bet that Bizzy Williams will get this project. We have emails from 7 or 8 years ago where Bizzy was bragging that it was a done deal. New government, same result. No?

    We have colleagues that submitted several proposals but never got a shoo-in.


  30. Correction, Barbados Light &Power peak output is 160MW and they will not allow no more than 10% of their peak capacity from off grid suppliers to ensure reliable service. If Dr Denis Lowe could find it in his heart to embrace Principle 10 which he so vociferously spoke about in 2007 in Independence Square we would know the real purpose of this Greenwashing plant. John Public,should be able to impeach government minister for misfeasance and political parties would have members who would be found guilty in the court of conscience and public opinion.


  31. We see what you mean Mark…. ๐Ÿ™‚


  32. @Kammie

    The 10% in the initial phase but according to the spokesmen of the BL&P the number will love with time no?


  33. Kammie
    If you don’t know what you are talking about you should ask a question. Such a plant would not be classified as “intermittent” and the BL&P limit would thus not apply.
    What calculations did you do to work out that local garbage would be insufficient?
    We are going to die anyway. ….If it is not from cancer from the plant, it will be from poverty caused by having to pay for fossil fuels, cancer from eating mock foods, poisons in the water…..or worst of all, from over-exposure to the idiocy of ac on BU…..
    So what exactly is your beef?


  34. @bush tea. My beef is that we will continue to be financial slaves to the money brokers who fund the campaigns of the political parties. In the presence of sunshine it’s suspect that a government which spoke of participatory democracy now seeks to secretly sign off on this plant. In Dominica a fee is added to your Light bill for garbage collection. How many realize that we now pay for garbage collection. 70% of municipal waste in Barbados is now recyclable and the government is paying lip service to greening in its bid to burn garbage. The Future Centre Trust calculations suggest the feedstock for this Waste to energy plant will be insufficient. If garbage has will must be imported, for this plant to be efficient who will pay garbage or will be further taxed. Why do we take the stupid approach we gine die anyway which is a very callous approach. If you don’t value your health at least show concern for the well being of those without a voice such as future generations


  35. What is the biological carrying capacity of our soil for the slag and other by products of this plant. All material generated from this plant will not be used in construction. Can any of you share with the public what’s the PM2.5 level in Barbados or how often is air quality testing done. why do we have to send air samples overseas for testing? Even better why does EPD treat the air quality data private? Why is the Roebuck School report is private and the only thing the public got was a ministerial statement. I will not trust any bajan politician in the absence of them being accountable from Iill deeds done in office and the deliberate suppression of information. It’s amazing how we fight among ourselves like crabs and not against the 30 actors who use trickery, comedy and theatrics to literally feed.


  36. Some say global warming and othere say a new Ice Age, whatever it is , you have to agree that systems are off the charts , This system that affected the islands could be compared to monsoon type wehater . Thhis is the new norm people stope depating th eobvious and take steps rtto mitigate what you can and prepare to respond to and recover from the rest of it

  37. Caribbean Lover Avatar

    “… Donโ€™t let anyone fool you brother, because Jesus is and have been the answer….”

    All the Jesus fearing nations, including the United States, are now borrowing from China; a nation of mainly Buddhists that has very little to do with Jesus.


  38. So Kammie….how does the pollution factor from burning garbage compare with our CURRENT fossil fuel burning arrangement – PLUS the pollution caused by creating land fills; PLUS the pollution caused by landfill gasses; PLUS the fact that the soil is currently contaminated with about 80% of our raw garbage anyway?
    You speak as though we are coming from a pristine situation to start incineration of garbage!!!
    Also, instead of importing garbage, one can grow biomass as fuel to supplement such a plant can’t we? This could even lead to a revitalization of agriculture.

    It is not as simplistic a matter as you seek to portray…
    In Bushie’s humble opinion, a biomass plant which can also dispose of unwanted garbage while generating needed energy and reducing fossil fuel imports is the way to go….


  39. ….However if any of our politicians either B or D, have anything to do with it, Bushie is on Kammie’s side. ๐Ÿ™‚

  40. millertheanunnaki Avatar
    millertheanunnaki

    @ Pachamama | 29/12/2013 at 11:55 am | Reply
    “With due respect the term โ€˜global warmingโ€™ has gone out of use. Extreme weather could go in any direction. In fact, the release of green house gases could precipitate another ice age.”

    First, let me wish you and the rest of the BU family all the best for the new Gregorian year. May Pachamama and Father Sun provide the resources and environment to allow us to enjoy healthy lives during the year.

    I wanted to comment earlier on your observation quoted above but better late than never. I must express my association with your most interestingly insightful comment on the possible consequences of โ€œextreme weatherโ€ to human life on this planet called Gaia. I sense the planet is about to enter one of the many phases of climate adjustment that could pose a tremendous challenge to mankind. I believe that within the current long cycle of natural global warming there could be โ€œsub-phasesโ€ of paradoxical cooling in the form of mini ice-ages.

    What could be different about the probable pending one are the incontrovertible effects of human activities in the form of dumping billions of tons of CO2 back in the atmosphere. Gaia, through her little tree helpers, took millions of years to remove dangerous levels of carbon from the atmosphere to make it habitable for humans to evolve (and to be genetically engineered or โ€œformedโ€) into what we could describe only as budding environmental terrorists with parasitic mentalities. These same self-centered materialistic global vagabonds have achieved in paradoxical fashion a reverse catalytic feat in less than 300 solar years and which can have cataclysmic results for themselves as a species.

    It should be noted that the last known occurrence of any โ€˜significantโ€™ mini-ice-age in the current long cycle within Earthโ€™s climatic behaviours pulled by the Sun in its Long Year galactic journey was around 13,000 to 11,000 years ago with the consequential effects of the inevitable natural warming as recorded in Sumerian mythology in the tale of Gilgamesh and plagiarized by the old Hebrew scribes during their stay of enlightenment in Babylon and narrated in rather simplistically childish fashion in the Biblical tale of Noah and the Flood.

    Maybe, just maybe, Mother Earth (as a result of the parasitic behaviour of humans forcing the issue with their manufactured carbon emissions) is about to enter the early phases of a โ€œLittle Ice Ageโ€ before the full effects of a mini ice-age.
    We shall see if the Gulf Stream โ€˜acts upโ€™ as a result of the melting ice sheets in Northern Hemisphere plunging Western Europe and definitely the British Isles in a prolonged period of extremely cold winters and very wet summers. This could create weather conditions that might force mankind to rethink and revisit the much โ€œdissedโ€ theory proposed by Thomas Malthus.

    BTW, the above comments are mere speculation and not based on evidence or special knowledge; except of course the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh (LOL!!).


  41. @Bush Tea, the Future Centre Trust has being doing a lot of work with their CORE initiative or what is know as community recycling and you need to stop pouring cold water on the guys concern. I was amazed to know the Future Centre Trust is made up of all volunteers who dont talk but try to protect our environmental health for which they get no help from government. At my daughter`s school we were able to collect over 10,000 bottles in one term and they even arranged a donation to build a recycling hut.

    Imagine if each person played their part and recycled? What if the government instituted legislated recycling? It would generate more employment than a Waste To Energy plant while earning much needed foreign currency but perhaps this is more about graft and keeping the poor poor. Why cannot the same $800,000,000 be used to equip at least 80,000 households with solar power plant at a volume discount of $10,000 per system.

    In addition something is very fishy with this Waste To Energy Plant and the RBPF must with the help of Land Registry and Financial Institutions monitor all Politically Exposed Persons, Friends and Family. Perhaps guys like Gline Clarke and Michael Lashley can tell us why they don`t travel to the US. As an accountant I am amazed at what is alleged that some of my colleagues do in conjunction with lawyers. CLICO is a manifestation of collusion and corruption and we seem not to have learnt from it. Shameful.


  42. @Miller
    Well written. The problem should be Framed as Pollution! The Pols are keen to turn this into a TAX/ Revenue gathering exercise which is totally impractical if we dont have the support of China, India and Eastern Europe.
    The West would be increasing costs while more jobs would be funneled to the non-compliant countries. Shanghai had a pollution day last month that was 25 TIMES the maximum allowable Particulate levels!

    If Canada enforces strict codes and Taxes offenders in our borders it would amount to NOTHING since most of our pollution, 75%+, is created in the USA! Europe and Nth America have to convince China et al to reduce emissions or TRADE STOPS! Which politician has the desire or power to conduct themselves thus???

    This concept that we are in end times etc is resurrected everytime there are clusters of catastrophes. The historical fact is that Earth is a very dangerous place that has various Cycles and Cycles within Cycles! There was a time not that long ago that an eclipse of the Sun was the END! Probably still true in remote communities in the Amazon, Papua New Guinea etc.

    The Gulf Stream has traditionally warmed the UK and Northern Europe but with the proportion of melting ice increasing, that warmer water will not reach those geographies and the result will be much colder Winters. Indeed, North Africa had snow last year for the first time in eons!


  43. Hail stones were experienced on St.Andrew/St.Thomas border around 1966/7.
    A Russian ship stuck in ice off Cape De La Motte in east antartica,two attempts by the”Aurora Australis” have failed due to forming ice.
    How can these two happenings be explained in the context of Climate change and Global warming?


  44. @VH
    Hail in Bim etc These actions have happened periodically throughout history.

    In 1857 serious Solar Storms wiped out the Telegraph lines in the US. When the Solar Storms intensify as they will again the Electric Grid could be FRIED for months! No Cell phones, computers etc for 6 months!!! No Just in Time deliveries of various foods and other essentials, could be big trouble!


  45. Hail stones were experienced on St.Andrew/St.Thomas border around 1966/67 . December 1965 ,according to this document http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006%3C0339%3AHIITT%3E2.0.CO%3B2


  46. Britain’s coast battered by 30ft waves, high tides and giant hailstones as fiercest storms in 20 years leave trail of destruction… and there’s more on the way
    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2532595/Swathes-Britain-remain-flooded-waterlogged-storms-Governments-Cobra-emergency-committee-meets.html
    ……………………………………………………………………….
    And in spite of its own calamities, the United Kingdom has offered some tens of thousand of Pounds Sterling in relief aid to St Vincent and the Grenadines, St Lucia and Dominica, and a blogger yesterday questioned why Guyana should contribute to the relief fund when she needs the same money to maintain its own infrastructure.


  47. @ Accountant
    Bushie has to admit that you bring a different perspective to the table, even if it sounds a bit idealistic at first glance.
    Are you saying that the current reality of centralized power generation and distribution is a dispensable paradigm?

    If it is not, then it is reasonable to explore the options of large scale generation that reduces the need for imported fossil fuels and at the same time addresses another issue of solid waste disposal.

    Now if the Trust is proposing a revolutionary paradigm change can they truly hope to do so by just objecting to the natural exploration of ideas such as the WTE plant?
    ….or should they be offering COUNTER PROPOSALS as you have outlined?
    Just collecting plastic bottles won’t cut it….and there are issues with each home having an independent solar electric system too..(like rainy days and every night LOL)..how will these be addressed.
    Perhaps you could assist Kammie with a proposed model of this new paradigm…


  48. Barbados Gets Loan from CDB for Flood Hazard Reduction
    By S Coward Published Yesterday Caribbean Development Bank Unrated

    Bridgetown – Jan. 3, 2014 – The Caribbean Development Bank is providing a loan of USD4.615 million to the Government of Barbados to finance a project to reduce flood hazard risks in Speightstown, the countryโ€™s second largest town.
    Under this project, the capacity of the main storm drain in Speightstown will be increased from a 1-in-5 year rainfall flow event to a 1-in-20 year storm flow event.

    The project also provides for technical assistance to improve the planning, execution, and funding of routine maintenance in Speightstown, and to develop and implement a community education programme on flood reduction measures …


  49. Barbados Gets Loan from CDB for Flood Hazard Reduction.
    ………………………………………………………………………
    Want to hazard a guess as to which contractor will be awarded this project? But with all of those people employed in the Drainage Unit, up until the 31 December, it appears as if there were no equipment and/or expertise made available to do any construction work on a moderate scale , similar to what MTW ,and its predecessors ,used to carry out in the past.
    Imagine having a Minister and Director,and God knows how many other highly paid, so called technocrats, basically supervising the low tech operation of cutting bush and weeding gutters.

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