Dr. DeLisle Worrell, Governor of the Central Bank

The following paper by Dr. DeLisle Worrell, Governor of the Central can be found on the Central Bank’s website in its Economic Review for August 2012. In light of the heavy criticism levelled at the Governor by many of his critics – who have NOT taken the time to publish – BU links to the paper to provide fodder for debate on economic matters.The reality is not many Economists are as qualified as the Governor to speak about small island economies.

Abstract
This paper describes how fiscal policy is used in Barbados to manage the demand for foreign exchange and ensure that the Central Bank is always stocked with adequate foreign exchange reserves to supply the needs of the interbank market. This enables the Central Bank to maintain an unchanged exchange rate through intervention on the interbank market. Sustaining the peg in this way lends credibility to Government economic policy and provides strong incentives to save and invest in the local economy.

Read full paper, page 57


  1. @ David (BU)

    “In light of the heavy criticism leveled at the Governor by many of his critics – who have NOT taken the time to publish.”

    You must be fair. Whereas Dr. Delisle Worrell has a Doctorate, which mandates him to “publish”, those critics to whom you maybe referring to are qualified to the level of Masters and are not entitled to “publish”. However, if you mean that his critics have not, to date, articulated any economic policy, as the governor did in his article, then I must agree with you.

    I agree that fiscal policy is more effective under a fixed exchange rate. For example, a fiscal stimulus increases spending and a decrease in taxes increases aggregate demand, (illustrated on the D and S by a shift in the demand curve to the right from DD1 to DD22) However, this will cause an initial appreciation in the exchange rate. To protect the peg, the Central bank must buy foreign assets with domestic currency, which in turn increases the domestic money supply, thereby moving the economy to its final equilibrium or higher output.

    On the other hand, with a fixed exchange rate, the country cannot have an independent monetary policy, and therefore will be unable to use monetary policy to curb the domestic business cycle or address domestic inflation.


  2. @Artaxerex

    Doctorate or not the point is he has to publish papers which of necessity must stand up to the rigour peer review. It puts him at an advantage in the debate.


  3. Instead of concentrating on meaningless trivia, such as PhDs and MAs at a time like this, Barbadians of all backgrounds should be praising Eddie Edghill and his family for a remarkable show of confidence in Barbados and of generosity of spirit in donating 40 acres of land to the UWI.
    It appears as if he is too decent a man to want any such thing, but it will be right and proper to start a campaign for a knighthood for Mr Edghill.


  4. @Hal

    Of course we should thank our philanthropists in our midst BUT it will take many stakeholders doing many things to right right the ship.


  5. Artaxerxes

    “To protect the peg, the Central bank must buy foreign assets with domestic currency, which in turn increases the domestic money supply, thereby moving the economy to its final equilibrium or higher output.”

    Will you please explain what you mean by that statement? It seems nonsensical to me, but then I am only an average Joe. How is it possible to buy foreign assets with domestic currency?


  6. What is difficult for me to comprehend is that eatlier this year the Govenor was predicing one per cent growth in tourism this year, largely due to the Four Seasons. Merricks and Port Ferdinand projects. Yet last week the President of the BHTA stated that they expected a 9 per cent FALL in long stay visitor arrivals by the end of 2012. Thats roughly 57,000 visors and I wonder if anyone has tried to calculate the fiscal cost to Government and the viability of the private sector tourism industry.


  7. @Adrian

    Here is a role for traditional media.


  8. David,

    Should read 57,000 visitors.
    YES! But who in the traditional media is going to question anyone?

  9. millertheanunnaki Avatar

    @ Inkwell | September 18, 2012 at 7:15 AM |
    From Artaxerxes: “To protect the peg, the Central bank must buy foreign assets with domestic currency, which in turn increases the domestic money supply, thereby moving the economy to its final equilibrium or higher output.”

    An excellent piece of hyperbolic contradictory bullshit coming from the intellectual rear end of Artaxerxes rather than from the clear mind of a modern Cyrus who really understands public finance and economics.
    Foreign assets can only be bought with foreign money earned from exports, foreign loans, remittances from overseas (Diaspora) or FDI.
    There is no way that the Barbados dollar peg can be protected unless the country continues to earn more forex than it is currently consuming. The forex tank is full of holes and the inflow pipe is slowly being turned off.
    The ink well is well supplied with intellectual perspicacity for writing the light of knowledge and understanding across the pages of ignorance and deceit.


  10. Going hand in hand with the continued earning of foreign exchange at a level adequate to support Barbados’ imports through exports, foreign loans, remittances from overseas (Diaspora) or FDI, is the prudence to recognize that when FX inflows decline, measures should be taken to reduce import levels, failing which foreign reserves will decline and if left unchecked, will threaten the currency peg.

    It is poor fiscal policy to continue to permit imports of consumer durables at current levels given the decline in FX earnings and then have their retailing funded by local credit. I, the average Joe, can walk into any of several local retailers and walk out with the biggest flat screen TV, fridge or stove, having no equity, but agreeing to pay $15 or $20 a week on a never never basis.

    As I recall and I am sure someone will correct me if I am wrong, the Tom Adams administration put measures in place to ensure that proposed purchasers of consumer durables from local retailers were required to contribute a percentage of the cost of an item and pay the balance over a specified time. This had the desired effect of dampening demand for these items and therefore the drag on the FX reserves. Should we not be considering similar measures now? Same goes for motor vehicles.


  11. @Inkwell

    What about the political dimension? Can you imagine measures to curb consumption in the prevailing environment? How do you reconcile your last comment to what the opposition has been saying i.e we don’t have a forex problem?

    Finally the local gurus on finance have suggested that the domestic economic is an ecosystem which strives on spend. Still grappling with this position, we have to continue to work hard to distil this position.


  12. So what do you do, David? Continue the current high levels of durables consumption in the face of declining FX earnings and eventually and inevitably damaging the reserve position, or be proactive and take measures to protect them?

    Granted, spending keeps the economy moving, but spending on what. The problem with Barbados is that we have so little that is locally produced to spend on. A balance must be found.


  13. @Inkwell

    We are on the same page just reminding you of the practicality of implementing your commonsense suggestion.


  14. “This paper describes how fiscal policy is used in Barbados to manage the demand for foreign exchange and ensure that the Central Bank is always stocked with adequate foreign exchange reserves to supply the needs of the interbank market. This enables the Central Bank to maintain an unchanged exchange rate through intervention on the interbank market. Sustaining the peg in this way lends credibility to Government economic policy and provides strong incentives to save and invest in the local economy.” Abstract.

    The historical evidence is that most of the fiscal, financial and monetary policies that these intellectually and politically bankrupt BLP/DLP Governments, and that those other critical institutions – including the monetary authorities and the commercial banks – have been putting in place over the years are systematically destroying stagnating ( not managing) many of the commercial and business affairs of this country generally.

    Along with the insensate outmoded exchange rate parities with the Barbados Dollar, it is Taxation, Interest Rates, Motor Vehicle Insurance, Institutional Repayable Loans for Productive Services, Importing the foreign cost components (to our incomes/ payments, transfers domestically) of imports into Barbados, etc that are systematically destroying stagnating this country’s material productive affairs generally.

    PDC


  15. PDC

    Please note BU acknowledge receiving your 3232 word submission. It will take time to read and format for posting.


  16. Emera in the news:

    But we also do it because — as the latest report for the week ending Aug. 22 underscores — sometimes these reports just make for juicy reading.
    Consider Emera Inc. president and chief executive officer Chris Huskilson who, along with other company senior execs, has been under fire for the level of compensation he receives.
    According to the most recent filings, Huskilson exercised options that had been granted to him to acquire 172,900 Emera common shares at $19.88 and another 163,800 at $20.42.
    Then he turned around and sold 146,800 Emera common shares at $34.62 and another 189,900 for $34.51. That implies a before-tax profit of $4.8 million for Huskilson.
    In the most recent week, we also noticed that aggressive value investor George Armoyan was his usual active self.
    http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/129612-huskilson-is-laughing-all-the-way-to-the-bank


  17. “The value of the currency in an open economy is determined by inflows and outflows of finance”. Claim by the Governor of the Central Bank of Barbados.

    The value of a currency in any ttype of political economy and else is totally non-existent. In Barbados’ case, this is so is because the value of the total amount of Barbados dollars in circulation is over BDS $ 1.2 billion. And in the case of those other currencies that the Barbados Dollar is linked with the total amounts in circulation remain totally unknown.

    Thus, outside of these dollars’ nominal inherent values there are no other values that can be costed to them (in themselves).

    Hence it is illogical for any economist to talk about the value of a currency far less it being determined by inflows and outflows of finance.

    PDC


  18. “There is little that Caribbean economies can do to significantly increase the inflow of foreign exchange in the short run, so adjustment policies must focus on a reduction in the demand for foreign exchange.” Taken from the paper by Dr. Delisle Worrell

    This can only take place within the context where the main controllers of government, financial, productive and other relevant organizations in this country continue to maintain many of the old intellectually and politically bankrupt fiscal, financial and monetary policies practices and not seek to pursue proper and alternative fiscal, financial and monetary policies and practices away from those same bankrupt ones.

    A relative reduction of use of foreign exchange – without reducing the use of foreign goods and services (which themselves are needed more than ever before to support a so-called political economy and else that must really grow at a rate of 8 to 10 % per annum on average over the long term) can however be accomplished by, et al, removing all exchange rates parities with the Barbados dollar, and at the same time making sure that a national regime is installed where the currencies that the particular goods and services import transactions are denominated in are made greatly available through the foreign exchange earning capacities of the local export sectors mainly – with a National Currency Board – which a future PDC Govrnment will establish – having responsibility for currency inflows and outflows.

    PDC


  19. @PDC

    It seems we are back to what your nemesis Inkwell has stated. We really need to modulate forex flow by enforcing controls on spend. We cannot with mauby pockets and champagne taste.

  20. millertheanunnaki Avatar

    @ The People’s Democratic Congress | September 19, 2012 at 6:26 PM

    Sounds like some 1970’s communist of Cuban vintage prescription for our mismatch of forex consumption and earning abilities.

    Why not move to a situation where people who earn forex are allowed to keep and spend with a 20% residue going to the State to fund the imports of goods and services to meet the needs of basic public goods like health, basic defence and education.
    In other words, if you want big rides, holidays overseas and palatial houses with children educated overseas pursuing exotic studies you must earn the forex component before spend.

    Of course, certain categories of workers like those in the export or hotel sector will be exempted.


  21. WE need practical solutions not talk. Barbados can save millions in foreign exchange if the country utilised solar technology in conjunction with electric cars, buses and motorbikes . Barbados would be able to meet its enegy need without the use of a drop of foreign oil.


  22. THE OIL COMPANIES WERE BLOCKING THIS TECHNOLOGY FOR YEARS . SEE THE VIDEO FROM 2009.


  23. Sep 2006
    Did General Motors deliberately sabotage the marketing of electric cars because they threatened the motor industry? That’s the allegation made in a controversial new documentary.
    Ten years ago, GM unveiled the EV1 — the first electric car for the mass market. “The EV1 was really special because it was cool and fast and fun to drive,” states former GM marketer Chelsea Sexton. “These cars were so good, they would challenge the status quo of the oil industry.” But despite their popularity among owners, GM quickly pulled the plug on its new product. It claims there was simply no mass market. All the EV1s had been leased, instead of sold, to their owners. When the leases expired, GM refused to renew them and sent the cars to be crushed.






  24. “The exchange rate is maintained unchanged by balancing demand and supply of foreign exchange, using fiscal policy.” – Taken from the paper by Dr. Delisle Worrell.

    An exchange rate is never set by any demand for and supply of foreign exchange in Barbados, as implied by the Dr. Worrell.

    That is fooolishness.

    First of all foreign exchange is of no incarnate powers or forces and therefore cannot move or motion on its own – whether it is real currency or currency value (electronic e.g.), or whether there is any AMOUNT of it that is used reused by any numbers of persons for whatever purposes at whatever times.

    Note we hereby use the term “use” in opposition to the fallacy the nonsense called demand for and supply of foreign exchange.

    Anyhow, exchange rates are political legal financial statements made by those relevant controllers within the government and the monetary authorities based on many historical and current considerations (the relevant ideas, practices, etc.) and however much they remained fixed or are changed at given times..

    Contrary to popular, but erroneous, belief exchange rates do not really exchange as say when 4 oranges are exchanged for 3 apples directly or indirectly via money/value. Even though foreign exchange can be said to be bought or sold with local currency at given rates (only because they are different and reflect real and imagined differences in nominal costs and other expenditure structures as between political economies), THE REALITY IS THAT MONEY CANNOT MAKE MONEY ( WHATEVER THE CURRENCIES INVOLVED) NOR CAN IT COST MONEY).

    So, Dr. Worrell talking about foreign exchange reserves, foreign currency inflows and outflows, etc. has no relevance or meaning unless income, payments, or transfers here or outside of Barbados are pointed to in relationship to the various amounts income, payments or transfers that are costed outside.

    So a nasty dirty fallacy and myth and psychological ruse has been long concocted by economics to make belief that currencies can really be paritied with another when in truth and in fact they cannot be because they are different and have different implications

    So while that rubbish theory is fast putrefying, the fact though is that it is the cost of USING FOREIGN CURRENCY out of the total amount of foreign exchange here in Barbados at any given time, as a percentage of the incomes, payments or transfers that are earned or given up whenever, whenever use is at the same time made of foreign exchange here in Barbados or elsewhere..

    PDC


  25. It shall have been written as “has no relevance or meaning unless income, payments, or transfers here in Barbados ….” and not what was published.

    PDC

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