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debt“Barbados Face Bankruptcy, the prospect of paying for a range of services which are not free…and even ending up with a banana republic…..the Government pushed into a position of bankruptcy with its heavy borrowing.” (Dr’ Estwick; Nation 4/22/06) He was also quoted as saying that the national debt moved from $1bn to $4bn under the BLP and the entire public service debt had reached 110% of GDP. At the time the national debt was more than doubled the amount the government admitted to. But lay not blame on the opposition who had not been privy to or had access to the books.

According to the BLP columnist (Nation 8/18/06) “the IMF has not been pleased with this administration since we asked them to leave Government Headquarters, and since we did not follow their advice….” This at a time when more than half of the Third World debt was owed not to commercial banks but to multilateral organizations. We have long been guilty of default. By 2003 less than $10 million in interest had been paid on a mega debt contracted over 40 years before. Privatization is a form of debt recovery.

Can you imagine telling one who owns you to leave? Maybe the writer had not been privy to the comment or warning “not a ship or plane…” Further he adds that “for them (IMF) to be describing our performance as impressive is a testimony to the economic leadership of this country.” In reality the good mark had been given for following advice and doing as you were told.

The national debt is an open secret debated in democratic countries. The media, scholars and the people discuss and write about it. But in Barbados it seems to be nothing more than an afterthought that may flicker at election time and die. The reason why the Prime Minister faced with the task of salvaging a sinking ship with nothing would keep secret the albatross he inherited has nothing to do with incompetence. He, like his predecessor, remains subject to external ‘guidance.’ The debt-collector calls the shots.

According to the code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon in 2250 BC, if the weatherman flooded the field of a farmer who owed debt and destroyed his grain, or lost his crop due to lack of water, then the farmer did not have to pay interest for that year. Had the farmer been obliged to pay his creditor(s) he would have had to dispose of his animals, land and possessions. A wealthy person would have bought the farmer’s property on the cheap and become richer by exploiting it. The Code prevented the country from becoming more polarized and marginalized. Unfortunately the Code died with Babylon.

No such provision obtains in today’s Babylon, the IMF (the world’s debt collector), the World Bank or related international institutions. The prime purpose is to ensure the debt is serviced— sustainability if you please— which often means diversion of scarce resources from production to debt payment. More than half of the Third World debt is owed to the above institutions.

Re debt service options: Borrowing from non-banks (NIS etc) is like borrowing from one who has nothing. It could invite liquidity and social problems. Either way increased indebtedness is inevitable. In the past debt has been forgiven. In 1990 the USA forgave an Egyptian $7 billion debt incurred in the purchase of US military equipment, but not without serious strings attached. Egypt had to accept the economic and other policies favoured by the IMF. Some countries have defaulted. Argentina for one defaulted on a $1billion World Bank debt in I think 2002. But we who have nothing are in no position to default.

Regarding bank loans the IMF ensures or helps to ensure “that overexposed banks will be repaid…major borrowers will be prevented from destabilizing the system.” And God help you if our loans are short term and come at variable interest rates. Each increase in interest will add to debt and the cost of debt service. More scarce resources will be diverted from production.

Rescheduling means only the postponement of payment for another time (and the interest increases.) It doesn’t mean debt reduction. Whether the debt is owed to institutions like the IMF, World Bank, the IADB or banks, we face strong pressure to divert scarce resources from production to repay multilateral debt. We are not a classified as an impoverished nation so debt relief is out of the question. Creditors favour rescheduling where there is sustainability. To this end creditors assess whether, given certain analyses of economic growth, external trade and the availability of financial resources the debtor country is able to service the debt. By the time the debt is paid you end up paying more than twice the actual loan. Given the nature of the economy Barbados cannot be seen as sustainable. There is no way the current debt (which will increase) can be retired in say twenty years without selling out much more of the country. More debt is inevitable.

Pessimism may save us from the madhouse for a while but optimism doesn’t produce work or retire the debt. When people are unable to feed and clothe their children civil disorder and unrest—which will likely be put down in a hurry with the aid of foreign bodies— cannot be discounted. Perhaps this is the purge needed for the country to be resurrected to the “Sceptred Isle” status again. If so then the question becomes for whom the bell tolls. Given the population dynamics we may be looking at a large black mass sitting on the edge of serfdom.


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  1. Straight talk Avatar

    Too late now, LG, the die was finally cast with the profligacy of World Cup , 3$ and Veco.

    Blaming immigrant labour, incompetent politicos, global downturns, educated workforces who won’t work have failed to cut it.

    Were on our own now, big style.

    No handouts, lifebelts or pity.

    The long warned of global restructuring is happening and we unfortunately are on the wrong side of the fence.

    Hard work and economies will give us a chance to pull through if improbably we still have the never-die spirit of our
    predecessors, unfortunately singing of Pride and Industry will not.

    As our government has reneged on its major manifesto promises, not through economic necessity but the cynical “like it or lump it” contempt for the voters, it looks like we are heading for the proverbial SHTF.

    Clico will be bailed out of its innovative investment strategies but the bailees have to bear the consequences of an empty Exchequer.

    Everyone of us bears the burden of the meltdown fallout, except the fat cats who benefitted from the crazy regulation system allowed to develop in the last 20 years.

    Sad to see all those doomy predictions coming to pass.


  2. At the micro level, how will the continued push by financial and commercial institutions, to snare consumers in their debt traps pan out?

    Does the crystal ball reveal something different to them?

  3. livinginbarbados Avatar
    livinginbarbados

    Look at the story from the beginning, not from the end, and the issues of debt (national and personal) predate by a few thousand years the creation of modern institutions, as your Babylonian reference makes clear. (Islamic banking forbids the making of money from money, so elements of the principle are in tact, but few countries practice Islamic banking. There used to be usury laws in many countries but most governments took them off the books.)

    I won’t go into analogies about national and personal responsibilities. But debt does not come out of thin air. Those who contract it may be less than open about what they are doing and what may be the consequences. But, in a democracy, those who support those they vote for also have an obligation to keep looking and checking what their representatives are doing.

    Get people to ask themselves on what basis they believed the betterment of their economic and social lives would be built. “I do not know” is not an acceptable answer.


  4. Let’s see if we understand the argument. At the macro-level we observe government policy built on what level of debt burden based on international ratios (whatever that means) Barbados can manage but ignore a logical consequence that the consumer will mimic that behaviour?

    Another variable to factor is our wholesale acceptance of economic theory based on a developed world view. In a few cases we maybe surprise to learn usuary laws (will try to research, writing from memory, still exist but are routinely ignored at the altar of expediency.


  5. On the back page of the Daily Nation, July 16, 2009, there is a fairly interesting news story under the caption: DOLLAR FIX, and with the by-line: “Exchange Rate to blame for tourism woes”.

    The story reported Mr. Gordon Seale, managing director of the Sand Acres Hotel and Bougainvillea Beach Resort, as saying that the fixed exchange rate that exists with the Barbados Dollar and the US Dollar has been identified ( presumably by Mr. Seale) as the most serious problem affecting the tourist industry of Barbados, and therefore with such a destructive mechanism around local hotels become less competitive each year as a result of inflation ( although the news reportage in making such a premise and then drawing such a conclusion must be fraught with some fear by the average reader of drawing the wrong conclusion).

    Furthermore, Mr. Seale was reported as having said that for several years inflation in the so-called Barbados economy has been reaching six or seven per cent, which was often greater than that in the United States, and that the fixed exchange rate parity eroded the margins of small hoteliers, resulting in no money for upkeep and leading to a bad reputation for the island.

    Well said, we in PDC must say to Mr. Seale. But, we are thinking that Mr. Seale might have gone further and examined the fact – and this is if he did NOT really do so at that particular meeting of the Intimate Hotels at the Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre last Wednesday – that it is NOT just the fixed exchange rate parity that Barbados has with the US Dollar that continues to assist in bringing about massive material, production, debt, financial and other problems to the tourism sector of this rather small economy, BUT that it is also ALL the Exchange Rates Parities that Barbados has with other countries and the very destructive effects that they continue to help produce that have been taking a great toll on NOT just the Tourism sector of Barbados, BUT ALSO the entire productive, distributive, social and personal sectors of this country.

    Indeed, the costs incurred by Barbados of retaining such parities are of such great proportions that they totally overwhelm what ever little benefits Barbados gain from them and by having them.

    Also, it is very disgraceful that Barbados – as well as so many other esp. so-called developing countries, are seen by many people in Barbados and elsewhere as “extensions” of, say, the US, UK and European economies. So, rather than becoming “more autonomous” away from these economies we are seen to be importing the “prices” of the goods and services of these particular economies into our local sectors, and to their great and unholy detriment. e.g. the actual situation whereby there are co-relationships between high import “prices” and the rising costs of living and doing business in Barbados. The afore-going argument is also another definite area that Mr. Seale should have critically looked at and in a context whereby there have long been constantly widening trade and investment gaps between those particular economies and ours.

    Thus, it is unfortunate that we in PDC have this to say – and this is if the DLP and BLP are seriously NOT thrown out of parliament by a certain time, say, by 2018, and their former places taken up by some people-centered, progressive nationalist parties with some bold and imaginative policies and programs, that our beloved country is – at this stage – almost truly heading in the direction of becoming a very indebted, very rickety and failed state in the long term. And, what a tragic state of affairs such would be indeed, esp. given the very significant efforts of the late Grantley Adams and the late Errol Barrow!!

    Hence, against the backdrop of such foreboding thoughts, it is entirely reprehensible and disgusting that both DLP and the BLP Governments would over the years have been continuing to support such old archaic exchange rate parities systems for Barbados and continuing to support the dreadful practice of importing the “prices” of goods and services from overseas ( we are NOT hereby dealing with the actual goods and services), even though the evidence is there for them and many others to realize that these systems and their underpinning philosophies would have been causing – in concert with the operations of other systems like the TAXATION SYSTEM – unprecedented catastrophic and massive damage to the above mentioned sectors of this country.

    Therefore, we have properly established in our party that whenever we become at the helm of the government of this country – and let us say again that if there were ever to be these Exchange Rate Parities with the Barbados Dollar and this regime of importing foreign “prices” into Barbados still in existence then, primarily because of the present lack of foresight and political will, et al, NOT to do away with them on the part of these stupid DLP and BLP factions, that consistent with our mandate that it shall be our bounden duty to ABOLISH ALL those Exchange Rates Parities with the Barbados Dollar, the importation of “foreign prices” into our domestic market, as well as Abolish systems like the evil TAXATION system.

    Such nefarious systems will be replaced with some very effective and modern ones and ones like the one mentioned above that will cater to the greatest development possible of the country and within a decent time.

    So, down with Exchange Rates Parities, down with the importation of ” foreign prices” into our domestic market, and down with these visionless and backward DLP and the BLP factions.

    PDC

  6. Livinginbarbados Avatar
    Livinginbarbados

    You can live beyond your means but it does not have to be on borrowed funds (individually or nationally). Simple case, you can borrow or get gifts. Barbados wanted to develop beyond its own resources so encouraged capital to flow in (foreign direct investment is not debt). It also encouraged people to flow out and send back money. It also needed people to flow in. It also borrowed (but you need to figure out how to pay back). Getting the combination right is important.

    I do not know what a ‘developed world view’ is. Many basic principles of economic systems have not changed for eons (and I do mean thousands of years).

    Again, I do not know what the altar of expediency is. It’s great to be able to borrow money and pay no interest. But the capital still needs to be repaid. (Even ‘Partner’ systems need this to survive.) Not repaying a debt freely taken on is also expedient.

  7. Livinginbarbados Avatar
    Livinginbarbados

    I took it for granted that people know of the partner system, but if not, here is a good simple explanation, http://www.gdrc.org/icm/partner-sys.html.


  8. Corrections: line 2, paragraph 7, “NOT” ought to have come before “seriously”; and delete from in line 3, 2nd last paragraph, the phrase: “and ones like the one mentioned above”.

    Thank You.

    PDC


  9. @LIB

    Your comment aptly illustrates the point of BU’s contention. Barbados depends on tourism revenues + FDI to adequately service its debt and economic development ie capacity building. What has Barbados done in the last 15 years to reorder the economic fundamentals to buffer the risks wrought by external shocks? Instead we have become a willing participant in the mosaic of the global phenomenon of globalization. Your response will be to question alternatives and that we don’t know, what we know is the current model is unsustainable.


  10. The fixed exchange rate was also blamed for the rise in debts, and possibly the demise, of the sugar industry.

    One year, 1981 or 82, the Euro fell to half the value of the US dollar and as we were paid in Euros for sugar, our income was cut by 50%.

    Plantations that might have been breaking even suddenly had their revenues cut in two through no fault of their own.

    My memory is fuzzy on this one but I think it precipiated the 1982 BNB act in which I believe, the debts of the sugar industry were guaranteed by Government provided it continued to function at a loss and earn much needed foreign exchange.

    Some owners decided to shut down rather than incur debts, the bulk went with the flow and earned foreign exchange.

    The fixed exchange rate kept the cost of our imports from rising.

    Alot of what we face today stems from this period.


  11. Economics is a balancing act. We quite simply do not have the resources to offset the necessary debt that we incur.

    The governments of the past and present all have the same problem: “What can we do to decrease the gap between expenditure and revenue?”

    The BLP administration gambled and lost, on what they thought would have been a bumper crop, with the World Cup. In essence they were left holding the bag (It appears that there was some deceptive marketing to that effect).

    Tourism is a fickle child… one day it would play and the next sulk in a corner. We have seen that happen time and time again.

    The only other option is financial services. We need a good solid infrastructure and a well educated workforce to maintain it. So we are back on the debt treadmill – running, but getting nowhere fast.

    Once expediture surpasses revenue, we cannot win.

    The world powers know this and have created many ways to dominate the world using financial tools.

    What do you really think globalisation is? Developing states are slaves to these old masters.

    The large developed countries have no problem with destabilising a country, so they can control it and its resources.

    Just look at what China is doing in Africa now. Look at how the US and UK use their influence to control oil, iron ore, diamonds, buaxite, etc.

    Why colonise a country when you can control it from a distance?


  12. Back in the good old days (two or so years ago) when we had millions of dollars to toss around to 3S, VECO, Boardwalks etc, the Bushman explained that by this time (mid 2009), it would be clear to everyone that we would be on the slippery slope to chaos.

    (I wonder what became of MME who THEN chastised the Bushman and even offered ‘Bushy’ the chance to buy some ‘sound’ stocks.)

    I really grieve for those of us whose success and whose purpose in life is defined by our social and economic wellbeing…. I cannot even bear to tell you what we should expect two years down the road…. it is too painful.

    The Bushman has tried to outline on BU -the overall strategic conception of ‘project life on earth’; The intent of the Big Boss design engineers; The imminence of the end of a major phase of the project; and the pettiness of the mundane distractions that have otherwise distracted our attention.

    The Bushman has clearly failed to get the message out….

    Over the coming months, as the reality of our demise really begins to sink in, my hope is that some of us will begin to see the much bigger picture…..

    The fact is that the global economic boom of the past three decades was always unsustainable. It was build on a presumption of an inexhaustible supply of cheap fuel, an unlimited ability of the planet to safely absorb toxins; and a pyramid styled economic system built on greed and graft.

    …a blind man on a motorcycle could predict the eventual demise of such an era.

    A true understanding of the current situation would reveal that the REAL reality is one of great expectation; Of justice at last; Of victory; and of a new beginning…… with only the ‘labour pains of birth’ now to be endured before the new dispensation is unveiled.

    …as Ready-done hinted to GP recently, the whole plan is written and laid out in the everyday natural processes we see around us…..
    ..What concordance what GP (LOL)?!?


  13. There can be no reasonable denial by any one of the fact that what we in PDC refer to as the institutional productive debt and investment losses culture has been the one main and primary cause of the perpetuation of two very gross and fundamental problems in our country’s material and financial affairs.

    These two main and fundamental problems are the humongous institutional productive debt ( a form of debt) that has constantly been created and maintained in this country – and which many people in Barbados quite rightly identify with the practice of financial institutions lending to the local non-financial private sector for productive purposes, and the serious lack of proper money/value circulation in the country, which many people in Barbados doth rightly identify with the state, persons, businesses and other entities increasingly not being able to access enough monies/money value, at given times – and mostly as they would like at the same times, esp. with regard to fulfilling the objectives of properly running their own affairs and settling their own debts.

    No doubt about it these two types of national, sub-national, individual problems interact with each other at different levels of business and commercial activity in this country, and sometimes with severe repercussions throughout the country.

    Anyhow, it is these two main and massive problems within the material productive and distributive and financial affairs of this country that have fundamentally helped to create yet another severe local recession at this juncture, for primarily the broad masses and middle classes of people of Barbados to brutally criminally experience. As a matter of fact, Barbados has entered a period of serious depression.

    As well, it is those very despicable and backward of political ( legal ones too) policies and laws – and which are Western and Euro-centric in nature and/or that have long been locally adapted to fit our Barbadian circumstances along with their ministrations ( institutions) – that are central to the functioning of this wicked institutional productive debt and investment losses culture in Barbados.

    Thus, these laws, policies, practices, and ministrations have also been fundamental in assisting in bringing about this very terrible recession.

    Such laws, policies, ministrations include but are NOT limited to the following:-

    1) evil TAXATION laws and policies like the Income Tax Act, the Value Added Tax Act;

    2) wicked Interest Rates laws and policies, like minimum deposit rate policies of the Central Bank;

    3) backward regressive repressive financial institutions, like the Central Bank that manages and regulates itself – under the Central Bank Act, and other financial institutions in this country – like the Royal Bank of Canada and other institutions, that have been founded on the basis of other political financial laws and policies in this country;

    4) demonic mortgage and other money lending laws, policies and practices that involve persons and other entities who – under whatever mis/arrangements – would have previously gone and borrowed the people’s money/value from financial institutions for esp. productive purposes, but who would then later be seen illogically senselessly having to repay equivalent amounts of what is theirs and the people’s money, to those relevant institutions, plus demonic interest;

    5) also demeaning, dehumanizing political laws and policies like the Financial Intermediaries Act , the Cooperative Societies Act, that wickedly criminally allow local or locally based international banks, credit unions and other relevant financial institutions to exercise proprietary rights and interests (as if their were the owners of this money) over the Barbadian people’s money/value, rather than making it profoundly clear that they are simply some of the local managers of the people’s money stock, and this is the way these local or foreign institutions ought see it always; and

    6) asinine political financial laws and policies that allow banks and other financial institutions – in this case insurance companies too – to register their operations in Barbados as single whole entities, rather than it being the case that these laws and policies should rightly command these foreign enterprises to enter into joint ownership arrangements with local institutions at all times so that that they ( these foreign enterprises ) are ONLY capable of owning a maximum 51% of the ownership in these local/international enterprises, and so that there would be realized far fewer repatriations of these huge profits that are reported in the newspapers as being made by such extant foreign owned financial enterprises;

    The clear and unvarnished fact is that these laws, policies, practices and ministrations are essentially elitist driven and politically exploitative in nature – meaning that their intent is NOT ONLY to subject the masses and middle classes to the totally unnecessary control of an elite minority in the country; is NOT ONLY to make sure that the masses and middle classes are NEVER so well propertied and monied ( mainly individualistically) as much as the elites are in the country; BUT ALSO as well to make sure that the masses and middle classes are to NEARLY ALWAYS earn far less than they put in in innumerable business and commercial contracts and arrangements, and that the elites and the state come by far more than they put in at the same time as the above categories of people, in such similar circumstances in Barbados.

    No doubt these intents have been dastardly successfully realized in their countless manifestations over time, and “over and over again”.

    Clearly, when the masses and middle classes – the real backbones of human physical activity in this country – and, by extension, the entities that they own – are so much engulfed in institutional productive debt and are incurring many unbearable investment losses, and, too, when those entities like the state and financial institutions and big business that depend so much on them for financial succor and to carry out their exploitation schemes, and, too, when almost all of the aforementioned are altogether unable to access the people’s money value system as they would like and thus to allow the proper circulation of money within the country, primarily because of the operations of this wicked institutional productive debt and investment losses culture, it must ultimately mean that Barbados will continue to foolishly enter into periods of so-called booms and busts, with the masses and middle classes getting the least amount of benefits during “booms” and the elites and the state getting the most benefits during such times, whereas these same masses and middle classes would get the most pain during “busts” recessions and depressions and the elites and the state suffering the least pain during these times.

    Finally, the fact is that this beloved country, Barbados, does NOT have to go through any recessions or depressions, or, as a matter of fact any booms and busts periods, once the normal trade with many countries still obtains. Such a rationalization is more simple than most of us in Barbados think, and, once the majority of voters put the right parties in governmental office, and they, in turn, put the right political financial laws, policies and systems in place in this country.

    So, what international economic and financial circumstances are the causes of our local depression what!! What UNMITIGATED NONSENSE AND TRASH!!

    Well, down with the damn DLP and BLP!!

    So long!

    PDC


  14. I am 100% in agreement with the author….one of Barbados’ biggest problems is the overcrowding of the political system with LAWYERS….who by practise seek out historical precedence as opposed to innovative and new ideas and DOCTORS who largely do the same in referring to known techniques. Their training teaches them to be good followers of text and tradition….funny how both of them still wear robes out of pure tradition….as opposed to creative thinkers. Imagine a country looking at first world status with ONE engineer in the political mix……We are indeed a country of paper pushing administrators, which yes UWI seems content on pushing out. Absolutely no innovative and creative thinkers…how so very sad indeed! And what is even more sad is the absence of people to solve the problem…..the local business sector can’t get beyond import, markup and sell!!!…..look at the backpage of the Sun Advocate, Local Car Industry Facing Hard Times..what Car INDUSTRY!!!…..do we make anything!!..we buy/markup and sell….….they mean buy and sell industry!!!!…..and look at our scholarship winners….more than half of them every year go and do what…..you guessed it LAW or MEDICINE..LAW does not create industries, MEDICINE creates very little……..tell me…where is this creative, innovative class that Barbados desperately needs going to come from…..ha ha….maybe Guyana!!…..that has been our REAL problem over the years….investing in paper pushing service industries…we have done a fantastic job of educating WORKERS and not entrepreneurs, and still we can’t realise that yet!!!


  15. @Bajeabroad

    Think this is the second time you have posted the above comment and both times it has resonated with a bang within the BU household. Clearly a disconnect between what is required to sustain our success as a country or being conformist.


  16. Did we not reach where we are by being conformist? And why should law seek out innovative new ideas for each decision? Could you plan a business or any relation on uncertainty?

  17. livinginbarbados Avatar
    livinginbarbados

    @Themis: A view I have expressed on the recent thread on cricket goes to the argument that we are/have become a region of stability and that implies we move for gradual not radical change. There is chicken and egg there. To move to other points we may have to get out of our ‘comfort zone’. It is an ongoing question whether we have what we really prefer or if we have reluctantly accepted the way we are/have become.


  18. @ LIB,

    Our resistance to change and to new ideas suggest that it may be a combination of both, more the latter!

  19. livinginbarbados Avatar
    livinginbarbados

    @Themis: I understand your point about planning and uncertainty, aka why reinvent the wheel? But some clearly do not and the region has not been short on ‘wanting its own solutions’. (This discussion has a parallel in notions of independent nation states, and Seaga’s reiterations on dollarization are on a similar path. The basic question being what value separate central banks and currencies?)


  20. The rubric of how small states survived in pre-globalization period has undergone massive change. Lawyers and doctors can only be sucessful in the current environment if Barbados and small states become innovative out of a need to fight above its weight class. Who will lead the change?

  21. Donald Duck, Esq Avatar
    Donald Duck, Esq

    If we are so much in debt then would the Minister of Finance explain the rationale of the government in acquring Sam lords castle.


  22. […] would be required in order to increase the debt ratio from 6% to 75% in four years. As was noted (Indebtedness: No End In Sight) “there is no way the current debt (which will increase) can be retired in say twenty years…We […]

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