The following comment was posted by BU commenter yallsmall to the blog COVID 19 Challenges for SIDs – A Lack of Discipline Exposed. An interesting exchange which probes the urgent need to define a relevant strategy to effectively fight COVID 19

David, Barbados Underground


Those posts were an attempt to publicize what I think might be the most important misconception by the Epidemiological community as well as the Politicians in this whole global Pandemic situation.

The most recent pandemics or near-pandemics in the world have been caused by coronaviruses. Reducing or eliminating the spread of these viruses require the use of very old techniques used with a mix of new ones. The science of Virology has modernized the tools that are used for designing protocols for control as well as make the visualization of the pathogens and their interaction with host cells whether human or non-human more apparent. The study of relevant aspects of the pathogen (e.g. Covid-19); the host (man); and how the pathogen spreads and infects the host (e.g. if vectors are important and how so) as well as the determination of the environmental factors that assist in or detracts from the rate of spread.

It has long been known that most Coronaviruses attacking humans are spread by droplets as well as aerosols. Droplets from coughs do not travel far under ordinary circumstances but aerosols produced by the rapid drying out of droplets could travel several times the 6 ft limit that has been determined for droplets.

If it is true that Covid-19 spreads by aerosols it would require a significant reworking of the 6ft distancing rule and suggest that that rule might have inadvertently contributed to a significant proportion of the horrendous carnage that Covid-19 has caused around the world so far.

The Czech authorities have had a relatively good outcome, so far, in their war against the spread of Covid-19. They appear to attribute this mainly to the universal use of Masks. The US has had to be dragged kicking and screaming to recommend the voluntary use of low quality masks. It is quite possible that the universal use of good quality masks by the total population might fill a large part of the void between the suppression of aerosols and the 6ft space.

There are many aspects of this area that could promote a good wide ranging BU discussion.

Relevant links:

178 responses to “COVID 19 Probe – Is 6′ far Enough to Dodge Aerosols?”



  1. THE WHO HAS FAILED

    The WHO is supposed to be the world’s early warning system for new viruses.

    China’s political system is one that tends to suppress embarrassing disclosures such as the emergence of a new virus — it did the same with the Sars epidemic. This is why the WHO needs leadership capable of being sceptical about official information coming from China. Its director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, has failed this test miserably. The more we learn about Sars-CoV-2, the virus strain which causes Covid-19, the more it becomes clear that the window of opportunity for preventing its global spread was narrow. By the middle of February, when it became clear that the virus had taken hold in Europe, it was too late. WHERE WAS THE WHO IN THOSE VITAL WEEKS?

    In the middle of January, a WHO delegation declared that there was ‘no clear evidence of human to human transmission’. Yet by then it was already quite obvious that Chinese authorities had sought to engage in a cover-up. The police had actually threatening a Wuhan doctor, Li Wenliang, with arrest for daring to warn colleagues of a new illness which had reminded him of Sars. In the end, Dr Li died of Covid-19 himself.

    Rather than chasten China, WHO praised the country. Dr Tedros commended the country for its ‘transparency’ and declared that ‘if it weren’t for China the number of cases outside China would have been very much higher’. To say that this misses the point is a serious understatement. The Covid outbreak has tentatively been traced to Wuhan.

    The WHO has failed for a very simple reason: both it and its director-general are far too close to China (which is, by the way, a large investor in Dr Tedros’s native Ethiopia). Dr Tedros does not have a great reputation for transparency about outbreaks of infectious disease in any case: while serving as Ethiopia’s health minister he was implicated in covering up an outbreak of cholera.

    The WHO’s problems go back further than Dr Tedros’s time at the top. On several occasions before he arrived in 2017, it had pressed the panic button when no panic was warranted. In 2005 it claimed that the H5N1 avian flu could kill between five million and 150 million people around the world. The final death total was fewer than 500. In 2009 it declared a ‘pandemic’ of swine flu — only to apologise later, when it emerged that it was no more lethal than normal flu.

    Perhaps this is what made it slow to act on Covid-19, but soon afterwards it went into full panic mode, demanding that western countries introduce Wuhan-style lockdowns. The efficacy of such draconian measures has never been tested and the true cost — in lives, not just money — might not become clear for years. The global crash certainly isn’t going to help Dr Tedros’s campaign for the whole world to enjoy universal healthcare free at the point of delivery.

    A WHO that was worth its salt would long ago have worked out a protocol for dealing with new diseases. Once the Covid deaths were piling up, it urged testing — but this was not useful advice for western countries that didn’t yet have the tests. The point ought to have been made, forcefully, at a much earlier stage. The WHO should have had a detailed strategy in place for containing new infections — and one which didn’t result in crashing the global economy. If it’s beyond it to devise such a thing, it is time to hand the job to someone else


  2. @ Hal April 17, 2020 4:00 PM

    There was no need to apologize; but since you have done so it is accepted.


  3. @ Freedom Crier April 17, 2020 6:00 PM

    Have you forgotten his cover up in the Sudan of the cholera outbreak that resulted in thousands of deaths? You also seem to forget that he appointed Robert Mugabe as the good will ambassador for WHO. The back lash from that episode caused him to revoke the appointment..


  4. BOMBSHELL: New Coronavirus Study Could be a GAME CHANGER

    Researchers at Stanford University suggest that the Lock-downs have been an Overreaction. COVID-19 could be much more widespread and much less deadly than models originally predicted.

    The Goal

    Stanford set out to do the first random-sample antibody test for SARS-2 coronavirus In the United States. The study focused on areas most affected by the virus, so the worst-case scenarios.
    The presence of antibodies suggests a person has had exposure to the virus, never was sick, or recovered and is now immune. Scientists believe it is highly unlikely a person be infected or reinfected if antibodies are present.

    How soon Americans can return to our usual way of life depends on how widespread antibodies are currently.

    Stanford found that 2.46% of the 4.16% of people it randomly sampled had SARS-2 coronavirus antibodies.

    BlazeTV’s Steve Deace broke down the numbers, and they are shocking.


  5. Lemon and Ginger Tea has assisted Freedoms husband that after over 30 years on Blood Pressure Medication, happy to report that for the Past Few Weeks his Blood Pressure is Very Close to Normal…This has not happened in over Three decades. We started drinking this Tea as a Preventive against the Flu Virus and the Side Effects were very Beneficial for him.

    REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD DRINK LEMON GINGER TEA!

    A Professor Noted that…IN ADDITION ACIDS AND CARBOLIC ACID IN LEMON JUICE CAN REGULATE HYPERTENSION AND PROTECT THE NARROW ARTERIES THEREBY REDUCING BLOOD CLOTTING.

    BENEFITS LEMON WATER

    Balances our PH Levels

    Filters Our Blood

    Helps with Regulating Blood Pressure

    High in Vitamin A & C

    Hydrates more than just Plain Water

    Drinking Warm Lemon Water before eating helps with Digestion

    Helps your Liver with Purification

    Kills Bacteria

    Keeps the Shin Healthy

    MAKING LEMON AND GINGER TEA: MAKING LEMON GINGER TEA IS VERY EASY AND REQUIRES THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS: • Lemon • Fresh ginger •• Water. Follow these easy steps to make the tea:

    To make lemon and ginger tea, take Fresh Ginger, Clean and Slice into Thin pieces.
    Put the ginger slices into a pot of boiling water and simmer for 30 minutes.
    Take Fresh Lemons wash and scrub them with Salt to remove the wax that covers most store bought lemons and Thinly slice them.
    After Boiling the Ginger turn off the heat and allow Cooling before adding Sliced Lemons as hot water destroys the Vitamin C content. Use a Potato Crusher and mash the lemons releasing the juice and Pour into Glass containers. I usually do a Pressure Cooker of this Mixture that last a few days before making another Batch.

    Please Note That Ginger Root can be re-boiled Two or Three times, and even after that can be made into Candied Ginger (that should tell you how Potent Ginger is). I usually Separate the Ginger and Lemon, saving the Ginger to be re-boiled and the lemon bits are added to my dish wash soap to kill bacteria and add an additional fragrance of freshness.

    IMMUNITY ENHANCEMENT LEMON GINGER TEA IS AN IMMUNITY BOOSTER AS LEMON CONTAINS VITAMIN C AND ANTIOXIDANTS. Both lemon and ginger are great at fighting infections because of their antibacterial properties. USING LEMON GINGER TEA CAN REDUCE THE DURATION OF COLD, FLU, COUGH, and it is also beneficial for fighting salmonella infections.

    https://mybostonmaids.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/lemon-ginger-water-1.jpg


  6. Some daily numbers seem a bit large and would have driven Mariposa crazy with delight, but
    I will not question your daily cases since those statistics are readily available.

    However, I will ask you to review your daily log transform.

    Meanwhile the blogmaster should remove


  7. If it is the log of the daily cumulative total it would make more sense.
    Keyword: cumulative


  8. Note the leveling off on the log scale. By leveling- off we are talking of flattening of the line.

    A good log graph. Beautiful even.
    The legend needs work. Relabel.
    Third and final exchange


  9. Would also suggest the use of two vertical axes to show the log scale on the right.


  10. ” Keep adhering to the 6ft rule until the authorities say it is safe to jettison it. i.e. the masks must be an agreed percentage effective in removing 5micron particles.”

    I said nothing about not adhering to distancing rules…anyone visiting me has to stand in the courtyard and cannot come to my door, everyone is restricted…no one can walk up to me spitting in my face while talking despite the mask…..so it should be no different for anyone else.

    ..as regards THE MATERIAL FOR FACE MASKS i specifically said that the material…read CDC suggested…can now be found on the island…seamstresses are adhering to the material requirement..

    i swear something is wrong with some of you..


  11. TheOGazerts

    These graphs were not meant to be published in a refereed journal. They were just to illustrate my comments on the possible imminence of control of the Barbados outbreak of Covid-19

    Agreed that I should have used 2 vertical scales including a log scale on the right. Indeed, I did have one graph with 2 vertical scales but, because I haven’t used excel for a number of years and my brain is very inefficient nowadays, It was inadvertently deleted and I could’nt remember how to produce 2 different vertical scales in Excel.

    Your 8:34 comments seem to be somewhat at variance with your 8:49 am post.

    Your 8:37 post betrays a level of familiarity with methods in epidemiology that is not in total accord with best practice. One uses the tools that allow the best visualization of the point one is trying to make. There is nothing wrong with using daily totals, instead of cumulative totals on a particular outbreak, especially on an outbreak that has not yet reached an exponential phase.

    But getting back to the point of the exercise, as far as I am concerned, what are your views of what the graphs show re. the epidemic and its likely denoument?


  12. Not at variance. I still believe that further explanation of what you are taking the log of is warranted. In my second post I assumed (correctly) that you were taking the log of the cumulative incidence and proceeded from there.

    HiI think you should point out this is the log of the cumulative total. I agree that you are not preparing for a journal, but always put your best foot forward.

    My first impressions on seeing your curve was very positive, but as I studied it a few small things became my focus. You do not need that if you are now starting out in this area.

    I could have use the tactic of finding a small issue and beating it to death. That is not my style.

    I think you added a new dimension to the discussion instead of repeating version 3000 of A phrase.

    Good job


  13. TheOGazerts

    My apologies for the tone of my post above. I was sleepy and tired last night and sent two copies of the same graph to David for posting when there should have been 2 different graphs. 1 of the cumulative cases by day and the daily cases from 16th March to 17th April and one of the daily cumulative totals and the log transformation of that data. I just sent David the latter graph to replace one of the graphs I sent him last night.


  14. David

    I made a mistake last night and sent you 2 copies of the same graph. I sent you a replacement for one of the graphs a half hour or so ago.

    Grateful if you would post the the 2 different graphs in the other blog where I am making a case that there is some evidence that the outbreak might have started winding down in Barbados. I will try to work today on a jpeg that combines the data from the cumulative cases, the daily cases and the log transformations of those data, on one page.

    My apologies.

  15. de pedantic Dribbler Avatar
    de pedantic Dribbler

    Gentlemen the graphs are still ALL the same…or are my eyes that bad!


  16. WHO FUNDING BY COUNTRY 2018 AND 2019

    ALL VALUES IN $MILLIONS

    “That scoundrel from Ethiopia has let the world down, he needs a one way ticket home!”

    TEDROSS NEEDS TO BE BROUGHT UP ON CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY!

    https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Y3qUN/2/?abcnewsembedheight=550&fbclid=IwAR0Uq-qVrbHtlJcUSdB1rCdqGKx8dsfanuW-OPSYVZGTRWxPeigwW-oPh3w

    • robert lucas April 17, 2020 7:22 PM @ Freedom Crier April 17, 2020 6:00 PM…“Have you forgotten his cover up in the Sudan of the cholera outbreak that resulted in thousands of deaths? You also seem to forget that he appointed Robert Mugabe as the good will ambassador for WHO. The back lash from that episode caused him to revoke the appointment..”

    Dr. Lucas Freedom only just saw your reply, in the future anytime you are addressing me please use the abbreviation Freedom or FC, as it was stated that even if you mention my name your comment will go into Systems Administration Automatically as every comment made by FC does and is censored, before release? Your comment was held back because of this.

    Freedom knows about Tedross Involvement in “the Sudan of the cholera outbreak that resulted in thousands of deaths”… However, Freedom was not aware of the appointment of Robert Mugabe as the good will ambassador for WHO.

    GET A LOAD OF THIS IMPOSTER


  17. The blogmaster uploaded what was received.


  18. David;

    My fault because I’ve named them similarly. Please delete all the graphs. I will modify and send the replacements tonight or tomorrow.


  19. Keep your Trump shite and feed it to the Americans! About 40 % of them are more than willing to swallow it. Let them eat and enjoy for the E coli bacterium will surely awaken them!.


  20. Note to anyone on blood thinners like warfarin or coumadin.who might like to partake of Freedom Criers’ ginger and lemon tea:. You might already know this, but for those who might not, ginger works as a blood thinner increasing the clotting time of you blood. So if you are taking a prescription blood thinner and managing your diet to keep INR blood test readings in the required range and then you regularly add tea containing ginger to your diet (or start using unaccustomed amounts in cooking) it could effectively boost the blood thinning effect of the warfarin so your blood might becomes too thin (i.e.INR readings too high). If you want to regularly add additional amounts of ginger in your diet, it’s probably best to check with your doctor and see if it’s a good idea to have an INR test after taking the additional ginger for a short interval to see if your warfarin dose needs to be lowered.

    On to other matters.

    2015 Scientific Paper Proves US & Chinese Scientists Collaborated to Create Coronavirus that Can Infect Humans

    US and Chinese researchers, funded by the United States and Chinese governments, teamed up to create a deadly new coronavirus that is extremely similar in its effects to the coronavirus that is causing the current pandemic. The research is described in detail in a December 2015 scientific article published in prestigious Nature Medicine. The article and PDFs of its entire bibliography can be found on http://www.breggin(DOT)com, along with a blog by Dr. Breggin about the implications. In this video, Dr. Breggin describes how the American/Chinese manufactured coronavirus mimicked nearly all aspects of CoV-19, including pneumonia, increasing lethality in older and/or infirm mice and resistance to treatment. The research also sounds a warning that the manmade 2015 virus was resistant to vaccines. It is beyond belief that the US has funded a collaboration with China involving the creation of a coronavirus that has all the attributes of a devastating biological weapon. The Chinese were from the now-infamous Wuhan Institute which was known to have two potentially deadly hazards: poor safety measures and direct connections to the Chinese military. NIH, including the Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, continued support for the research even after warnings about its dangers were sounded by the research community.

    More at: breggin(DOT)com/us-chinese-scientists-collaborate-on-coronavirus/

    https://youtu.be/Y4E90SCSqS0


  21. Fauci Sweating Bullets! Trump Investigating His $3.7 Million Obama Era Grant to Wuhan Lab!!! (see post above for some more details)


  22. Interesting to note Cuba and China have goo recovery rates from COVID infections. Death rate per 1000 population we should take note as well.


  23. @ David April 19, 2020 6:45 AM

    I would go along with Cuba’s but definitely not China’s. china has been rigging the figures.

    Apparently there is already a big crowd at Popular Spooner’s Hill . My brother has been on site since 6.00AM. I am leaving home in another thirty minutes. I have a bad feeling about this whole thing,that it is going to be waste of time .I expect people who are supposed to be present to be in the line.


  24. @ GreenMonkey April 18, 2020 8:26 PM… RE “Note to anyone on blood thinners like warfarin or coumadin.”

    Good Information and Caution provided on Ginger as a Natural Blood thinner as compared to Warfarin… Freedom Believes that Prevention is Better than Cure. Freedom is 65 years young and has been managing my health through Natural means and Does not take any Form of Pharmaceutical Drugs nor does Freedom have a Physician or attend one, nor does Freedom Look to the Medical Fraternity as the End All and Last Say in the Health and Well Being of an Individual. They are Groomed in Pharmacology and their Universities are Subsidised and Sponsored by such. At the end of their Training they come away with little Knowledge and understanding of the Nature of Nutritional Healing…Theirs is the Trade of Drugs which Create Patients Not Cures!

    FROM THE FOLLOWING INFO PROVIDED WHICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO BE TAKING ON A REGULAR BASIS GINGER AS A BLOOD THINNER OR RAT POISON AS A BLOOD THINNER?

    Green You may already Know the Following…

    DOES WARFARIN HAVE RAT POISON IN IT?

    The use of warfarin itself as a rat poison is now declining, because many rat populations have developed resistance to it, and poisons of considerably greater potency are now available. … Unlike warfarin, which is readily excreted, newer anticoagulant poisons also accumulate in the liver and kidneys after ingestion.

    DO BLOOD THINNERS HAVE RAT POISON IN THEM?

    The chemicals in question are anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), which work like the human blood-thinning drug warfarin. Warfarin is itself used as a rat poison, but is what environmental toxicologists call a first-generation AR, less lethal and less prone to bioaccumulation than its second-generation successors.

    https://medsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/warfarin-300×300.jpg

    GREEN HERE IS ANOTHER VIDEO TO SUPPORT THOSE VIEWS AND VIDEOS YOU CONTRIBUTED… INCLUDING • GreenMonkey April 19, 2020 6:29 AM “Fauci Sweating Bullets! Trump Investigating His $3.7 Million Obama Era Grant to Wuhan Lab!!!”. FAUCI BROKE THE LAW!!!!!!…

    Dr.Rashid A. Buttar, graduated from Washington University with a double major in Biology and Theology, before attending medical school at the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Surgery.

    EXCLUSIVE: Dr. Rashid Buttar BLASTS Gates, Fauci, EXPOSES Fake Pandemic Numbers As Economy Collapses


  25. The virus is not as contagious as first thought.

    The data available showed that early on.

    There was also no need to worry over the number of ICU beds.

    There are 4 people who are listed as serious/critical.

    The population has good lungs …. thanks to efforts from years ago by Dr. Gale and the Cancer Society!!

    … but otherwise as fat and unhealthy as hell!!


  26. @John

    Hindsight is wonderful isn’t it. A reminder we are still in unknown territory.

    >


  27. some v wacky conspiracy theorists on this blog. makes for a good laugh tho. v persistent lot. nothing deters them. wrong every time but they keep coming lol


  28. Continued my stroll this morning. Left at 7.40 AM There is the occasional pedestrian on Bay St. The line by Jordan’s supermarket extends to the juncture with Nelson St. The crowd is not large. Things seem to be improving. Cross over the river only to discover that Saving Plus is shut. Obviously, this branch won’t be opened. Passed by Popular the crowd is paltry; seems as though one shouldn’t have a problem getting goods. The line by Cherish is also not very long. Social distancing is being respected. Continued pass Shop Smart : there is a sign( not very large) on the shut doors. Jumped over the chain to get a better look. It says that the Cheapside and Wildey’s branches are closed until further notice. Continued pass the traffic lights. The sign saying closed is still pinned to the door of the Advocate newspaper building. The Nation newspaper is up and open to business. The supermarket by Goddard’s is closed. Retraced my steps visit Saving Plus by the fish market. There is a line(not very long, but then, the time is only 8.20AM). Things might change by 9.00AM. Passed by Cherish again; there is no crowd ( am wondering if it has opened earlier than 9.00AM) come abreast the establishment only to find the place shut tight. It dawns on me that what I am witnessing is total lack of clear communications. This is further driven home when I reach Popular again. There is no crowd and the place is shuttered tightly. I surmise that people have migrated over to Jordan’s. Swing around by Jordan’s. The crowd is large: it snakes past the credit union all the way to the juncture of Jordan’s Lane and Nelson St. and the time is only 8.45.AM. Cross the river and is stopped by a woman who wants to know if there is a crowd by Crumbz. I tell yes. She cusses saying that she can’t understand why there are these long lines all the time and that one would figure the lines would get smaller. Commiserates with her. Proceeded along Crumpton St. headed in the direction of Lionel C. Hill: this is the only life left open. Reached Hill’s and there is a crowd which stretches in both directions( one side towards the Moravian Church; the other towards Gill’s Road) and into the Greenfields proper. Retrace my steps to Jordan’s and Nelson St. The crowd in part displays social distancing( those closer to the door of Jordan’s do so). Away from the proximity of Jordan’s there is little or no social distancing. There is a crowd of onlookers lining the road opposite the waiting line of customers. These loungers are scattered and observe social distancing. Wearing of masks seem to be fairly widespread. Judging by the lines there will be lots of persons who will not get goods. Jordan’s and Lionel C. Hill normally open at 9.00AM on Sundays so there is no surprise where these two are concerned. To listen to the constant advertisements about catering to the needs of seniors and the disabled, one would have thought that the authorities would have listed the names of the supermarkets which were involved in the exercise. Instead one gets the impression of poor planning.


  29. Correction :life-line left open


  30. @ Robert

    Good descriptive piece.


  31. Green Monkey, re. Dr Rashid Buttar’s conspiracy theory on Fauci as a criminal. Wow!
    There are some aspects of the “revelations” that ring true. and Buttar sounds as if he genuinely believes in what he says.


  32. @RL,

    this is when u r at your best besides chemistry and agricultural topics. thanks man- you keep it real in these pieces


  33. @ Hal April 19, 2020 10:51 AM

    Thanks Hal. Also, very poor planning. At 6.30 AM, it was being advertised about the special measures put into place for the seniors and disabled. Very poor planning. Can’t blame the supermarket is ,the bottom line is the name of the game.


  34. @ Greene April 19, 2020 10:57 AM

    Thanks.


  35. @Dr. Lucas

    What is the special day allocated for seniors?


  36. Where is Quaker John?


  37. Seniors and the disabled need help.

  38. Vincent Codrington Avatar
    Vincent Codrington

    @ David Bu

    I visited my favourite Supermarket this morning. I reached there at 7 : 30 AM. The lines were long but the 6ft markers were in place. The lines moved orderly and smoothly when the doors opened at 9:00 AM. I am quite proud of the disciplined behaviour of my people. Everyone wore a face mask.

    At this rate of public cooperation the curve of new infections will decline.


  39. @Vincent

    Thanks for the feedback. It will not be perfect negotiating a pandemic.


  40. @ David April 19, 2020 12:08 PM

    Sundays 9-11 AM and Tuesdays 8.00AM-11.00 AM


  41. @Dr. Lucas

    Therefore the senior citizens were fighting amongst themselves at Pricesmart?


  42. There is a full- scale effort to discredit WHO and Director General Tedros for the screwup in the USA from COVID19 but we are learning that the Americans working at WHO transmitted real time information to the Trump Administration about COVID19. Rather look to blame others perhaps the Trump Administration should take a look internally, I know that is unlikely to happen but they can always blame Obama.

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/americans-at-world-health-organization-transmitted-real-time-information-about-coronavirus-to-trump-administration/2020/04/19/951c77fa-818c-11ea-9040-68981f488eed_story.html


  43. 4 consecutive days without a new covid 19 infection. Barbados must be doing something right.


  44. @ Sargeant,

    Mass murder in Nova Scotia. Over 10 people killed.


  45. @Hants

    Just heard of it, seems like he was on the rampage for hours


  46. “Barbados must be doing something right.”

    I came to this conclusion a long time ago.

    I saw nothing in the policies of Mariposa et al to convince me that theirs were superior to that of the Mottley administration.

    Rules of shopping can now be tweaked/adjusted but it is more difficult to change the behavior of people or supermarket staff. It is clear that some people are misinterpreting/ or creating their own rules.

    Mia and company must also focus on managing the PR portion of the coronavirus campaign. They must continue to do well and also be seen to performing well. The administration should hold a Webex/Skype session and invite hotel management and staff and explain some of the rules.

    The Web page of the government should also be updated with a section of FAQ that provides explanations to supermarket staff and to the man in the street.

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