Many issues of the day continue to question our ability to govern. One of them is the health of the National Insurance Fund (NIF). If you listen to the politician while in Opposition, it is a fund under stress. If you listen to the same politician on attaining the office of government, the NIF is described in more positive terms.

For the sober in the crowd there are the actuarial reviews to consider. Successive governments have been unresponsiveness to public inquiry about  releasing the reviews for public consumption in a timely manner. Of equal concern has been the inability of successive governments to ensure the timely release of audited financials to parliament.

Generations of Barbadians have contributed to the NIF to give currency to the tagline – it is our lifeline.  Auditor General report after report detail bad investment decisions taken by successive governments of  National Insurance Scheme (NIS) motivated by pampering and pandering the old boy network. The “investment” of USD60 millions in Clearwater Bay referred to loosely by Barbadians as Four Seasons is one example.

The NIS is one of a handful of state owned entities that should be ring-fenced to protect against the incompetence of the political class.  Judging from all reputable sources of economic data, the inability to adequately govern a 166 square mile, less than three hundred thousand people located in an idyllic geography should be evidence enough.

Prime Minister Mia Mottley and the Minister of Education Santia Bradshaw have signaled in recent weeks that major reform is coming for the education  system. The issue of revamping the  system has been discussed for decades by the more progressive minds. The inability of our leading lights to manage the NIS and the other entities that combine to ensure well functioning organs in the society is an indictment on the current system of edcuation.

Successive NIS Boards, NIS Investment Committees and the ancillary services have been managed by “educated” Barbadians.  The performance of the NIS like the judiciary, like the BWA, like the transportation system, like the waste management system, like the PSV sector etc etc all point to the inability to convert significant investment in education in the post Independence period.

The Barbados Labour Party (BLP) since wining office in May 2018 has aggressively pursued economic strategies to address an economy in free fall.  Interestingly, we have not observed the same urgency to address challenges with the NIS. In fact Prime Minister Mia Mottley hinted that the hesitation to address the NIS problem is rooted in the enormity of the solution required given the future obligations of the fund.

This week it was reported that millions of  Brazilians protested against President Jair Bolsonaro’s plan to privatize the pension plan. The story attracted the attention of this blogmaster because one senses that Barbados will have to implement draconian measures to protect the NIS for the many sooner rather than later. Already President hBolsonaro as suspended several benefits to Brazil’s low income, disabled and senior citizens. Only a few years ago Brazil was considered the emerging economy from the Latam region.

Related links:

Brazil: Bolsonaro to Suspend Senior, Disabled Benefits Programs

Brazil: Millions Protest Bolsonaro’s Neoliberal Pension Reform

The message to Barbadians is that we cannot continue to do the same thing all the time and expect a different result.

BB = P+G (E*SOEs +NG-S)

 

 

232 responses to “Rise of the Uneducated Class”


  1. We all so Mia bluffing her through her way through her press conference with the impressive president of Ghana. These 400 nurses should be seen as a pre-cursor as to what may be in Barbados. Mia is emphatic that Barbados population is too small and believes that it needs to grow exponentially on the scale of Singapore which has a population just shy of six million.

    Mia has granted a visa free allocation to eight countries in Africa. The African grapevine is extremely efficient. Just ask Hal he knows best. The area that he mentioned in Peckham, the UK, is a prime example of the dangers of having an open doors immigration policy.

    Hal needs to articulate the positive side of African immigration. But he should also explain fully its downside. Go to Peckham and previous parts of run down inner cities areas in London and you will see what Hal alludes to. Simple Simon needs to get on her bike and broaden her mind.

  2. WURA-WAR-on-U Avatar

    Well i stand corrected…Caswell is explaining what happened with the Filipino nurses…but why has it taken so many years for anyone to say what really happened with nurses from Philippines…stop keeping these things secret..

    https://barbadostoday.bb/2019/06/18/franklyn-slams-rush-to-west-african-nurses/

    “But Senator Franklyn declared that Government has apparently not learned from past mistakes, referring to a prior decision to augment nursing shortages with nurses from the Philippines, a project he deems a failure.

    “We brought in nurses from the Philippines before and that did not work at all because you had the language barriers and other issues. Just as it was then, Government is not taking the time to properly analyse the situation.

    “They are not learning from their mistakes and it is not going to work. Fix the issues you have with local nurses first before you can talk about bringing in anyone.”

    re TSLN comment:

    The idiocy of it all…you have a tiny island, even tinier economy, the people were BLIGHTED with 2 corrupt governments in the last 70 plus years who are intellectually UNABLE TO DO RIGHT BY THEIR OWN PEOPLE, THE MAJORITY POPULATION…due to their own greed and criminality and thieving ways and decades of disenfranchisement against their people…but in their current desperation and MADNESS..would want to increase the population to millions and CANNOT adequately or COMPETENTLY manage a tiny, tiny island that now has a population of less than 300K people.

    …..ah wonder who they planning to STARVE…when they cannot drain the people of anymore taxes…because that is the plan, increase the population size…keep the whoring, prostituting tourism as the one horse dead pony that it is and always will be and pocket what they can for themselves, as usual..

    ya dealing with the most stupid of black leaders…so expect no less.


  3. Government’s decision to recruit 400 nurses from Ghana in an effort to address the island’s nursing shortage, has been attacked by Opposition senator – and nursing trade unionist – Caswell Franklyn as “rushing to decisions without adequately thinking through the process”.
    Senator Franklyn, who is also the head of Unity Trade Union, one of the bargaining agents for nurses, questioned how Government could afford to employ West African recruits when, according to him, there are nurses graduating from the Barbados Community College who are unable to find work.
    He also argued that the move was especially distasteful in the light of recent layoffs in the public sector as part of the requirements under the Barbados Economic Recovery and Transformation (BERT) programme.
    “First we hear that the Government is not employing anybody but now we can hear that they are bringing 400 nurses from Ghana.
    “We have nurses here in Barbados who can’t find work. We have nurses coming out of Community College that are looking for work but they are being told that the Government is not employing anybody.”
    Franklyn suggested that Government should first work on making the nursing profession more attractive, so that higher numbers opt to stay within the system rather than seek greener pastures overseas.
    Last Friday, Mottley told reporters that she has put in a request to Ghana’s president Nana Akufo-Addo for close to 400 nurses. The Prime Minister made the announcement during a joint press conference with President Akufo-Addo at Ilaro Court, as part of the West African leader’s one-day visit to Barbados.
    “We have indicated that we are searching for just under 400 nurses. So, it is not a small number and we believe that it is a wonderful opportunity for cooperation between our two countries,” said Mottley.
    But Senator Franklyn declared that Government has apparently not learned from past mistakes, referring to a prior decision to augment nursing shortages with nurses from the Philippines, a project he deems a failure.
    “We brought in nurses from the Philippines before and that did not work at all because you had the language barriers and other issues. Just as it was then, Government is not taking the time to properly analyse the situation.
    “They are not learning from their mistakes and it is not going to work. Fix the issues you have with local nurses first before you can talk about bringing in anyone.”
    Barbados TODAY contacted the head of the Barbados Nurses Association, Joannah Waterman, who promised to comment on the issue at a later date.
    But Minister of Health Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey Bostic said there is an immediate need for nurses which could not be filled locally at the moment.
    “We have an immediate need; we have issues as it pertains to the training of nurses in relation to nurses being able to successfully complete the regional exam.
    “This has been a problem for the last several years and we are at the point where we are going to be able to resolve that.
    “In addition, we are competing against metropolitan countries who are seeking to recruit our nurses and have been successful in doing so.”
    He gave an assurance that when it comes to the recruitment of nurses, home drums will beat first.
    He told Barbados TODAY: “Let me say very clearly and definitively that this is not going to be done at the expense of local nurses or persons who would have aspirations of becoming nurses,”
    The Health Minister described the recruitment of Ghanaian nurses as a short-term measure while the Government fixes the issues that stand in the way of an adequate homegrown nursing compliment.(Quote)


  4. This is just another expansion of govt smoke and mirror policy
    A govt who still in campagain mode and does not understand the meaning of the word goverence


  5. This is what one Ghana official thinks

    Plans by the Akufo-Addo administration to send 375 nurses to work in Barbados whereas there are Ghanaian hospitals that could be opened to absorb them smacks of political trickery, Ghana’s former Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Mr Victor Smith has said.


  6. This article reminds us that there is a shortage of nurses in the Caribbean and why,

    Nursing Shortage in the English-Speaking Caribbean Hinders the Region’s Development, Says World Bank Report

    March 2, 2010

    KINGSTON, Jamaica, March 2, 2010 – Nursing shortages across the English-speaking Caribbean limit access and quality of health services and affect the region’s competitiveness, says a new World Bank report.

    According to “The Nurse Labor and Education Markets in the English-Speaking CARICOM* – Issues and Options for Reform,” the region is facing a rapidly growing shortage of nurses as demand for quality health care increases due to an aging population, and high numbers of nurses emigrate drawn by higher paying jobs in Canada, the UK and the US.

    These shortages have tangible impacts that may compromise the ability of English-speaking CARICOM countries to meet their key health care service needs, especially in the areas of disease prevention and care. In addition, the shortage of highly trained nurses reduces the capacity of countries to offer quality health care at a time when Caribbean countries aim to attract businesses and retirees as an important pillar of growth.

    The World Bank estimates that there are 7,800 nurses working in the English-speaking CARICOM, or 1.25 nurses per 1,000 people, roughly one-tenth the concentration in some OECD countries. In addition, demand for nurses exceeds their supply throughout the region: 3,300 or 30 percent of all positions in the sector were vacant at the time of the study.

    Nurses are the bedrock of highly functioning health systems in all countries,” said Evangeline Javier, Sector Director for Human Development in the World Bank’s Latin America and Caribbean region. “Our research suggests English-speaking countries in the Caribbean must adopt policies that aim to train more and at the same time retain quality nurses.”

    In the coming years, demand for nurses in the English-speaking Caribbean will increase due to the health needs of the aging population. Under current education and labor market conditions, however, supply will slightly decrease. The World Bank expects that unmet demand for nurses will more than triple during the next 15 years — from 3,300 nurses in 2006 to 10,700 nurses in 2025.

    At the same time, data suggests that the number of English-speaking CARICOM trained nurses working in Canada, the UK and the US is about 21,500, that is, three times higher than the workforce in the English-speaking CARICOM. Between 2002 and 2006, more than 1,800 nurses left the region to work abroad. Analysis indicates that the recent decline in emigration is the result of changes in immigration policies abroad rather than lessened interest in working abroad.

    http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2010/03/02/nursing-shortage-in-the-english-speaking-caribbean-hinders-the-regions-development-says-world-bank-report


  7. Maybe so however the above statement does not advocate for govt not implementing policies in the further advancing of science in the nursing field which would be advantageous to equipping those who would have a preference towards working at home

  8. de pedantic Dribbler Avatar
    de pedantic Dribbler

    @Pieces, you are a warrior I respect and thus I read your comments with interest…sometimes that interest turns to surprise and wonder – as now – when your remarks border on xenophobia like that of the most aggressive proponents of that emotive style narrative.

    When you make bold that: [w]hat we are saying is that these Nurses have a cultural disposition which is not as simple as showing the bottom of your shoes Sir Simpl and which SHOULD BE GIVEN SERIOUS THOUGHT BEFORE UNLEASHING THESE PEOPLE IN THE QEH!, does that not resonate with any non-immigrant speechifying of recent times…and in last 50 years when Brits and American whites disparaged the waves of emigration from the Caribbean (despite their govt’s seeking us out)!

    Let’s agree that there will ALWAYS be cultural issues when different people comingle; lets agree (perhaps) that this Mottley/Akufo-Addo ploy is political guerrila warfare intended to undermine their opponents and create all the related disruption and confusion such “low-intensity” confrontation will cause.

    But let’s step off the cultural trope…because as @Simple justly opined I expect that the Ghanian women are just as intelligent, just as competent, just as adaptable as you all are, and will be just as capable of making a success of their lives wherever they go!

    We can and should aggresively interrogate the political rigaramole being espoused because on its face its absolutely contradictory (as Senator Franklyn aptly summarized).

    We should also aggressively interrogate this new nexus between the Ghanian president with his well entrenched parliamentary majority and our PM with her absolute parliamentary power: what broader interests are these two developing nationally (and as importantly for their related syncophants and personal business affairs)… but the cultural thing is a bit vexing, to say the least!

    BTW, it’s interesting to look at Ghana as one explores this relationship…and too the personal/political life of Akufo-Addo…interesting guy just like our PM….causes me to echo @Hal this will end in tears misantrophy but for totally different reasons!

    I gone.


  9. @ TLSN June 18, 2019 2:16 AM
    “We all so Mia bluffing her through her way through her press conference with the impressive president of Ghana. These 400 nurses should be seen as a pre-cursor as to what may be in Barbados. Mia is emphatic that Barbados population is too small and believes that it needs to grow exponentially on the scale of Singapore which has a population just shy of six million.”
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    A big question to be asked is where would ‘adequate’ housing be found to accommodate such a ‘relatively’ large number of ‘foreign’ workers?
    Or will they be expected to live like the Guyanese ‘migrant workers’ who were subsequently booted out of the island?

    Is the MoH going to commandeer the empty units at the Grotto ideally located for such militaristic decision-making?

    What about the many unoccupied houses still under the control of the NHC?

    Would the present government be doing a ‘deal’ with Maloney and his Coverley camp similar to that for the Ross medical students?

    What about easy access to reliable public transportation for the nurses and, maybe, their relocated or visiting families?

    Will these ‘imported’ nurses be paid more money than their local ‘colleagues’ in order to pay for their rented accommodation and to deal with the high cost of living (especially food) for which Barbados is notoriously known?

    ‘Off-handed’ decision-making without proper planning is merely a recipe for failure.

    Those Ghanaians left stranded in Barbados a few years back must be having a laugh at their Bajan ‘black’ brothers.

    Would “Sir Sister Simple Simon President for Life” be prepared this time around to make available her well-appointed residence to her black sisters (and their girl children) from Mother Africa for safe accommodation to keep the raging raping black Bajan village rams at bay?

    “‘The [black] stone that the builders rejected has [now] become the cornerstone.”


  10. Black Caribbean governments are the ENEMIES…with the exception of one or 2……of the majority population of African descent..they are the PROBLEM….just like many black leaders in Africa…ARE THE PROBLEM.

    And unless the majority population STAND UP…and tell those ignorant, backward, corrupt leaders….ENOUGH…they will not stop.


  11. Miller…we done know….for a LACK of vision, and inability to see their own rotten, cancerous selves AS THE WORLD NOW VIEWS THEM…more laughter to come from these POSSESSED parasitic nuisances in the parliament.

    They dont even want to acknowledge what many of us suspected FOR DECADES, it was never more evident than with the visit to parliament…so let the laughter continue…until THEIR BITTER END.


  12. Two teenage neo-Nazis, who encouraged an attack on Prince Harry for marrying a woman of mixed race, have been jailed for terrorism offences.
    Michal Szewczuk, 19, from Leeds, and Oskar Dunn-Koczorowski, 18, from west London, were part of a group called the Sonnenkrieg Division.
    An Old Bailey judge said their online propaganda was abhorrent and criminal.(Quote)

    This is one of the down sides of multi-culturalism. Check out the surnames for their heritage. This is the culture in their homes, you may take them out of Eastern Europe, but you cannot take Eastern Europe out of them. It is the same thing for knife crimes in London. Check out the surnames.


  13. When I read “uneducated class”, I first think of some former blue ministers. They came from the lower class, didn’t learn anything at school and acted like Arab or Asian kleptocrats in government.

    Or in other words, a suit and tie don’t turn a DLP supporter into a civilized person.

  14. de pedantic Dribbler Avatar
    de pedantic Dribbler

    @Hal, I also read your comments with interest but unlike the wonder of adventure and surprise I find with warrior @Pieces’ comments yours are with a WT… awe of shock…based on your education, cosmopolitan sophistication and deep experience as an accomplished journalist I am amazed at the loaded messages u offer.

    What inference should one take from ur words: “This is one of the down sides of multi-culturalism. Check out the surnames for their heritage.”

    Will we stop the spread of hate and prevent racist attacks if we prevent the downsides of multiculturalism by confining ethnicities to their own and preventing cultural cross fertilization and immigration..or is it only about inviting smart folks from non-shi* hole countries in Africa or Eastern Europe and midEast to your shores?

    I am not suggesting I have any facile answers to the hate proposed toward Harry or anyone else … I am simply trying to grasp what YOU are suggesting or trying to infer by your “…down sides of multi-culturalism” remark.

    Because from where I sit the only choices are ethocentric homogenous nation building or spreading the message of acceptance bit by bit!


  15. @Dee Word

    Interesting to read from those who transplanted themselves in foreign countries. Enoch Powell must be smiling.

  16. Georgie Porgie Avatar
    Georgie Porgie

    Clearly by the events at the tower of Babel recorded in Genesis 11 the God of Heaven ordained against ethonocentric homogenous nation building. Seems it has worked well for thousands of years, until IN RECENT TIMES ungodly national leaders inspired and motivate by the Devil decided otherwise, and we now have all the ills of “globalization.”

    I look forward to the soon extension of this insanity when the Antichrist arises to lead the one world government for seven years prior to the onset of the Lord’s millennial reign as declared by Daniel and the other prophets.

    Romans 1:22 describes the contemporary chaos well when it posits thus…… Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

    THIS CAN NOT BE REFUTED

  17. Georgie Porgie Avatar
    Georgie Porgie

    ANYONE WITH A VERY MINIMUM OF FUNCTIONAL BRAIN CELLS SHOULD BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THAT ANY NATION THAT ALLOWS FOLK FROM OTHER AREAS TO BE TRANS PLANTED INTO THEIR COUNTRY EM MASSE WITHOUT PROPER VETTING ARE CLEARLY LED BY MORONS OF THE HIGHEST ORDER, AND MEMBERS OF THE LOWEST ORDER OF THE EQUINOIDS.

    ONE OF THE MAJOR PERILS IS THE IMPORTATION OF DISEASE.

    THIS CAN NOT BE REFUTED

    LET US NOW HEAR SOME MORE MORONIC MOUTHINGS THAT CHARACTERIZE SO CALLED DEBATE ON BU BY BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS. PROVIDE SOME MIRTH!
    THERE ARE FOUR HOURS TO GO TIL THE RALLY IN CENTRAL FLORIDA


  18. Interesting to read from those who transplanted themselves in foreign countries. Enoch Powell must be smiling.(Quote)

    What does this moronic semi-literacy mean? Either debate or shut up.


  19. Are you privy to what the process will be if these nurses eventually arrive in Barbados to work? Do you know if there is an immersion program that will be put in place?

    Asking for a friend.


  20. Do you know if there is an immersion program that will be put in place?

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Might just be a sprinkling because water short!!


  21. @ David June 18, 2019 3:56 PM
    “Are you privy to what the process will be if these nurses eventually arrive in Barbados to work?”
    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    And live where? Close to the QEH in Nelson Street or in the long-promised soon to be constructed Hyatt hotel?

    The Coverley terrace must be fully occupied by now.

    But there must still be a surfeit of rental accommodation from the 2007 World Cup fiasco.

    Bajan nurses can’t even survive on their measly pay. It would be interesting to see how the “foreigner nurses” make do on the same level of pay while repatriating a tidy sum in US$ back to Africa.

    Given the billions of taxpayers’ dollars spent in educating Bajan children over the last 50 years, Barbados should now be exporting nurses to the World as it did as early as the 1950’s. Not importing Nurse’s aides.


  22. @Miller

    David Comissiong et al will undoubtedly facilitate.


  23. Clouds of thick black smoke surround the Sustainable Barbados Recycling Centre at Vaucluse St Thomas.

  24. Georgie Porgie Avatar
    Georgie Porgie

    re Given the billions of taxpayers’ dollars spent in educating Bajan children over the last 50 years, Barbados should now be exporting nurses to the World as it did as early as the 1950’s.

    ACTUALLY WE STILL DO WHENEVER THE RECRUITERS COME A CALLING.
    THERE WERE BAJANS AT THE CENTER IN MAITLAND FLORIDA EARLIER THIS YEAR.
    CLEARLY THIS IS PART OF THE BASIS OF THE NURSING SHORTAGE


  25. As I have already stated MIa is an out of control bluffer. She continues to make up policies off the cuff without consulting first with her cabinet and the citizens of the country? Every man and his dog can see this. Mia should be answerable to her people and should be instructed that Barbados is not her personal fiefdom. Our country is supposed to be a democracy.

    With regard to MIller’s point as to where these nurses will be accommodated…..ask Mrs Ram.

    Did anyone listen to Jackie Stewart’s latest podcast? She almost sounded like someone who was going to run for office. She gave a strong and passionate plea for a better country. Her message was very strong and would resonate amongst a large number of Barbadians. What are the chances of this lady setting up her own political party and running for office?

    @ Hal,

    I heard about those two Polish punks. There are one million of them (Poles) resident in the UK. It would be interesting to know if they are sympathetic to the views of these two young punks. This is where the EU does not work. They can live and work in the UK free from any difficulties; whilst you and I would not be tolerated in their country. Your voice is important. Bajans need to be aware of what is going on in the UK and Europe.


  26. THERE ARE FOUR HOURS TO GO TIL THE RALLY IN CENTRAL FLORIDA

    ++++++++++++++++++

    Was listening to Rush Limbaugh’s Podcast from today.

    Googled it a couple of hours ago

    Try to keep up to date and find Rush Limbaugh is the best way!!

    Seems like there are more people lined up to go to the rally than normally go to Disneyworld on a daily basis!!

    … and they have been lined up waiting for days!!

    Orlando never seen anything like it!!

    Pence claims it is raining and people are camped out!!

  27. Georgie Porgie Avatar
    Georgie Porgie

    JOHN I LIVE 50 MILES NORTH OF ORLANDO

    GREAT RALLY TONIGHT MAN

    PEOPLE ATTENDED FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY

    Orlando never seen anything like it!! TIS TRUE

    Seems like there are more people lined up to go to the rally than normally go to Disneyworld on a daily basis!! ALSO TRUE

  28. SirSimpleSimonPresidentForLife Avatar
    SirSimpleSimonPresidentForLife

    @TLSN at 2:16 a.m. “Mia has granted visa free access to eight countries in Africa…the dangers of an open door immigration policy.”

    Citizens of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and many other countries have long enjoyed visa free access to Barbados and I did not hear any complaints.

    And why should visa free access for holidays etc. be seen as an open door immigration policy? It is not.

    For example I have visa free access to the U.K. and i’ve visited many. many times, but never over stayed the period granted to me at the border. Never wanted to over stay either.

  29. SirSimpleSimonPresidentForLife Avatar
    SirSimpleSimonPresidentForLife

    @Miller and others “Housing?”

    Barbados actually has a surplus of rental housing. In my short gap alone two, three bedroom, 2 bathroom houses have stood empty for more than a year, and we are located on multiple bus routes. I am sure that those house owners would be happy to house 3 nurses each, or one nurse each and her family.

    I have 2 relatives as well with vacant units. A very, very nice 1 bedroom. And an even better 2 bedroom, two bathroom, with air conditioning. Both fully furnished.

    And a nurse who is willing to share accommodation may only have to pay $400 to $500 BDS per month.


  30. @ TLSN

    We also have Ukrainians, people from the Balkans, and the rest of the Soviet Empire. You do not need one million Poles to be fascists, just three or four from every Eastern European nation. Also look at their ages.
    By the way, have you noticed no one refers to Dominic Rabb as an immigrant? But Diane Abbott and other are always referred to as second generation immigrants. We are always foreigners in the UK.
    Once the President gets her way with adding tens of thousands to the Bajan population (hoping many of them will vote BLP) people at the bottom will feel the squeeze. Just look at Brexit and how working class Brits have protested. All those people up North voting to leave. It is their way of protesting. We face serous social problems which the army and police will not be able to control.


  31. @ Hal

    Regarding what you wrote i dont think the BLP has a care or a clue about what it is doing

    Mia shots from the hip. Mind you she sounds good but has no follow thru.

    one thing that rankles Bajans is talk about bringing in people seemingly to replace them

    they see it as a ploy to suppress wages and ensure votes for a particular party


  32. Integrity, honesty, decency, self-reliance, self-discipline, frugality, competence and personal restraint are aspirational values.

    Few people have these qualities, although in the Caribbean we expect our political and business elites to be blessed with most or all of them.

    Except for the UK, Scandinavia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Japan, where many middle and upper middle class families live more or less in accordance with an honour code, the world is a swamp of corruption, kept in check only by aggressive law enforcement in a few “exceptional” countries like the United States.

    Barbados will never find its way out of the swamp as long as our leaders are elected by popular vote. When most voters are personally lacking in integrity and decency, the leaders they choose will almost always be “corrupt”.

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